Table 4 Estimated associations of AQI, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ on individual-level physical activity outcomes by sex

AQI

Total minutes of daily MVPA

-5.94***

(-8.79, -3.08)

1,538 (206)

-4.66*

(-8.65, -0.67)

742 (98)

-7.15**

(-11.25, -3.04)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily moderate physical activity

-4.42***

(-6.58, -2.25)

1,538 (206)

-3.23*

(-6.22, -0.23)

742 (98)

-5.55**

(-8.68, -2.42)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily vigorous physical activity

-1.19***

(-1.74, -0.63)

1,538 (206)

-0.97*

(-1.76, -0.18)

742 (98)

-1.40**

(-2.18, -0.61)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily very vigorous physical activity

-0.33**

(-0.58, -0.08)

1,538 (206)

-0.47*

(-0.85, -0.09)

742 (98)

-0.20

(-0.53, 0.13)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily light physical activity

-4.73***

(-7.25, -2.22)

1,538 (206)

-3.60*

(-7.18, -0.01)

742 (98)

-5.82**

(-9.36, -2.27)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily sedentary physical activity

15.77***

(9.01, 22.53)

1,538 (206)

15.06**

(5.52, 24.61)

742 (98)

16.43**

(6.82, 26.04)

796 (108)

Total steps of daily walk

-229.82***

(-345.35, -114.28)

1,538 (206)

-182.75*

(-346.15, -19.35)

742 (98)

-274.17**

(-437.94, -110.39)

796 (108)

Total daily kcals

-3.93*

(-7.03, -0.82)

1,538 (206)

-5.24*

(-9.98, -0.51)

742 (98)

-2.65

(-6.72, 1.42)

796 (108)

PM _2.5

Total minutes of daily MVPA

-7.51***

(-11.04, -3.97)

1,538 (206)

-5.77*

(-10.69, -0.86)

742 (98)

-9.19***

(-14.27, -4.10)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily moderate physical activity

-5.35***

(-8.03, -2.67)

1,538 (206)

-3.82*

(-7.51, -0.14)

742 (98)

-6.82**

(-10.70, -2.94)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily vigorous physical activity

-1.55***

(-2.24, -0.87)

1,538 (206)

-1.20*

(-2.17, -0.23)

742 (98)

-1.89***

(-2.87, -0.92)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily very vigorous physical activity

-0.61***

(-0.92, -0.30)

1,538 (206)

-0.75**

(-1.22, -0.27)

742 (98)

-0.47***

(-0.88, -0.07)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily light physical activity

-5.84***

(-8.95, -2.72)

1,538 (206)

-4.64*

(-9.06, -0.22)

742 (98)

-7.00**

(-11.41, -2.60)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily sedentary physical activity

21.12***

(12.77, 29.47)

1,538 (206)

19.17**

(7.42, 30.92)

742 (98)

23.03***

(11.13, 34.92)

796 (108)

Total steps of daily walk

-295.69***

(-438.46, -152.92)

1,538 (206)

-229.75***

(-432.03, -28.48)

742 (98)

-359.33**

(-562.33, -156.33)

796 (108)

Total daily kcals

-7.06***

(-10.88, -3.23)

1,538 (206)

-8.48**

(-14.29, -2.66)

742 (98)

-5.68*

(-10.72, -0.65)

796 (108)

PM ₁₀

Total minutes of daily MVPA

-13.18***

(-15.98, -10.37)

1,538 (206)

-11.04***

(-15.01, -7.07)

742 (98)

-15.15***

(-19.11, -11.18)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily moderate physical activity

-10.12***

(-12.24, -8.00)

1,538 (206)

-8.13***

(-11.10, -5.15)

742 (98)

-11.96***

(-14.98, -8.94)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily vigorous physical activity

-2.44***

(-2.99, -1.90)

1,538 (206)

-2.17***

(-2.96, -1.38)

742 (98)

-2.69***

(-3.45, -1.93)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily very vigorous physical activity

-0.61***

(-0.86, -0.36)

1,538 (206)

-0.74***

(-1.13,-0.36)

742 (98)

-0.49**

(-0.82, -0.16)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily light physical activity

-10.96***

(-13.43, -8.48)

1,538 (206)

-8.61***

(-12.19, -5.03)

742 (98)

-13.13***

(-16.55, 9.70)

796 (108)

Total minutes of daily sedentary physical activity

19.87***

(13.10, 26.64)

1,538 (206)

18.58***

(8.95, 28.21)

742 (98)

21.05***

(11.51, 30.59)

796 (108)

Total steps of daily walk

-518.34***

(-631.77, -404.91)

1,538 (206)

-442.98***

(-605.58, -280.38)

742 (98)

-587.58***

(-746.29, -428.87)

796 (108)

Total daily kcals

-8.33***

(-11.42, -5.23)

1,538 (206)

-9.38***

(-14.14, -4.62)

742 (98)

-7.33***

(-11.36, -3.30)

796 (108)