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Table 2 Changes in the average monthly HIV incidence, mortality rates, and case fatality rates in the pre-emergency, emergency, and post-emergency periods (routine phases) in China

From: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamic COVID-zero strategy on HIV incidence and mortality in China

Variable

Pre-Emergency Stage

(January 2015–December 2019)

Emergency Stage

(January 2020–April 2020)

Post-Emergency Stage

(Routine Stage)

(May 2020–December 2022)

Changes 1 (%)

P1-value

Changes 2 (%)

P2-value

X1

X2

X3

X2 vs. X1

X3 vs. X2

Monthly Incidence Rate

(/100,000)

0.3675

0.2803

0.3572

−23.7158

<  0.001

27.4334

<  0.001

Monthly Mortality Rate

(/100,000)

0.1004

0.0882

0.1181

−12.1606

<  0.001

33.8750

<  0.001

Monthly Case Fatality Rate

(/100)

27.3290

31.4687

33.0594

15.1475

<  0.001

5.0549

<  0.001

  1. (1) X1 = monthly incidence/mortality/CFR in the pre-emergency stage (January 2015–December 2019)
  2. (2) X2 = monthly incidence/mortality/CFR in the emergency stage (January 2020–April 2020)
  3. (3) X3 = monthly incidence/mortality/CFR in the post-emergency stage (May 2020–December 2022)
  4. (4) Changes 1 = (X2 − X1) / X1 × 100
  5. (5) Changes 2 = (X3 – X2) / X2 × 100
  6. (6) The p-values for X2 vs. X1 and X3 vs. X2 were computed using two-ratio Z-tests
  7. (7) The calculated formula:
  8. Pre-emergency stage (January 2015–December 2019)
  9. Average monthly incidence = (total number of new cases from 2015 to 2019 / (5 * 12)) / (sum of the population from 2015 to 2019 / 5) * 100,000
  10. Average monthly mortality = (total number of new deaths from 2015 to 2019 / (5 * 12)) / (sum of the population from 2015 to 2019 / 5) * 100,000
  11. Average monthly CFR = (total number of deaths from 2015 to 2019 / (5 * 12)) / (total number of cases from 2015 to 2019 / (5 * 12)) * 100
  12. Emergency stage (January 2020–April 2020)
  13. Average monthly incidence = (total number of new cases from January 2020 to April 2020 / 4 / (sum of the population from January 2020 to April 2020/4) * 100,000
  14. Average monthly mortality = (total number of new deaths from January 2020 to April 2020 / 4 / sum of the population from January 2020 to April 2020/4) * 100,000
  15. Average monthly CFR = (total number of deaths from January 2020 to April 2020 /4 / (total number of cases from January 2020 to April 2020/4) * 100
  16. Post-emergency period (routine phases)
  17. Average monthly incidence = (total number of new cases from May 2020 to December 2022 / 32 / (sum of the population from May 2020 to December December 2022 / 32) * 100,000
  18. Average monthly mortality = (total number of new deaths from May 2020 to December 2022 / 32 / (sum of the population from 2020 to December 2022 / 32) * 100,000
  19. Average monthly CFR = (total number of deaths from May 2020 to December 2022/ 32 / (total number of cases from May 2020 to December 2022 / 32) * 100
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