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Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects according to the tertile of DASH style diet adherence

From: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescents

Variables

 

Tertile of DASH style diet score

P-value

  

T1

(n = 2023, 8–14)

 

T2

(n = 1431, 15)

 

T3

(n = 1687, 16–19)

Sex

       

Male

 

835 (41.2)

 

573 (44.5)

 

664 (39.3)

0.48

Female

 

1188 (58.7)

 

858 (59.9)

 

1023 (60.6)

Age (years)

 

13.3 ± 0.46

 

13.3 ± 0.47

 

13.3 ± 0.46

0.17

BMI (kg/m2)

 

20.6 ± 4.05

 

20.6 ± 4.1

 

20.6 ± 4.0

0.98

Boys (13 years old)

       

Obesity (BMI > 24.8)

 

68 (8.14)

 

43 (7.50)

 

53 (7.98)

 

Overweight (BMI > 20.8)

 

163 (19.52)

 

100 (17.45)

 

148 (22.29)

 

Normal (16.4–20.8)

 

218 (26.11)

 

134 (23.39)

 

165 (24.85)

 

Thinness (BMI < 16.4)

 

49 (5.87)

 

46 (8.03)

 

36 (5.42)

 

Sever thinness (BMI < 14.9)

 

37 (4.43)

 

28 (4.89)

 

37 (5.57)

0.37

Boys (14 years old)

       

Obesity (BMI > 25.9)

 

22 (2.63)

 

16 (2.79)

 

24 (3.61)

 

Overweight (BMI > 21.8)

 

85 (10.18)

 

67 (11.69)

 

80 (12.05)

 

Normal (17-21.8)

 

147 (17.60)

 

106 (18.50)

 

91 (13.70)

 

Thinness (BMI < 17)

 

26 (3.11)

 

21 (3.66)

 

16 (2.41)

 

Sever thinness (BMI < 15.5)

 

20 (2.40)

 

12 (2.09)

 

14 (2.11)

0.45

Girls (13 years old)

       

Obesity (BMI > 26.2)

 

58 (4.88)

 

41 (4.78)

 

52 (5.08)

 

Overweight (BMI > 21.8)

 

280 (23.57)

 

199 (23.19)

 

213 (20.82)

 

Normal (16.6–21.8)

 

361 (30.39)

 

255 (29.72)

 

328 (32.06)

 

Thinness (BMI < 16.6)

 

71 (5.98)

 

61 (7.11)

 

74 (7.23)

 

Sever thinness (BMI < 14.9)

 

66 (5.56)

 

34 (3.96)

 

56 (5.47)

0.5

Girls (14 years old)

       

Obesity (BMI > 27.3)

 

18 (1.52)

 

23 (2.68)

 

13 (1.27)

 

Overweight (BMI > 22.7)

 

110 (9.26)

 

69 (8.04)

 

80 (7.82)

 

Normal (17.2–22.7)

 

154 (12.96)

 

127 (14.80)

 

150 (14.66)

 

Thinness (BMI < 17.2)

 

47 (3.96)

 

36 (4.20)

 

39 (3.81)

 

Sever thinness (BMI < 15.4)

 

23 (1.94)

 

13 (1.52)

 

18 (1.76)

0.33

Ethnicity

      

0.005

Kord

 

9 (0.44)

 

3 (0.21)

 

15 (0.89)

Turk

 

22 (1.09)

 

6 (0.42)

 

12 (0.71)

Persian

 

1958 (96.7)

 

1394 (97.4)

 

1629 (96.5)

Lor

 

9 (0.44)

 

13 (0.91)

 

15 (0.89)

Arab

 

12 (0.59)

 

12 (0.84)

 

14 (0.83)

Balooch

 

13 (0.64)

 

3 (0.21)

 

2 (0.12)

Physical activity (watching TV and computer use)

      

< 0.001

2–4 h

 

827 (40.8)

 

722 (50.4)

 

947 (56.1)

5–8 h

 

748 (36.9)

 

482 (33.6)

 

546 (32.3)

9–14 h

 

448 (22.1)

 

227 (15.8)

 

194 (11.5)

Smoking

       

Yes

 

63 (3.12)

 

17 (1.19)

 

14 (0.83)

 

No

 

1960 (96.8)

 

1414 (98.81)

 

1673 (99.17)

< 0.001

reflux

       

Yes

 

63 (3.1)

 

24 (1.6)

 

20 (1.1)

< 0.001

No

 

1960 (96.8)

 

1407 (98.3)

 

1667 (98.8)

heartburn

       

Yes

 

52 (2.5)

 

16 (1.1)

 

31 (1.8)

0.009

No

 

1971 (97.4)

 

1415 (98.8)

 

1656 (98.1)

nausea

       

Yes

 

39 (1.9)

 

13 (0.91)

 

16 (0.95)

0.009

No

 

1984 (98.0)

 

1418 (99.0)

 

1671 (99.0)

stomach pain

       

Yes

 

101 (4.9)

 

44 (3.0)

 

53 (3.1)

< 0.001

No

 

1922 (95.0)

 

1387 (96.9)

 

1634 (96.8)

  1. Values are mean ± SD or number (percentages)
  2. aχ2 Test for ordinal qualitative variables and t-test for continuous variables