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Table 1 Variables associated with the location of diagnosis of first-ever liver cancer

From: Disparities in the first-ever diagnosed liver cancers between the emergency department and outpatient department in Taiwan: a population-based study

Variables

Total

Outpatient

department

Emergency

department

P-valuea

Adjusted ORb

95%CIc

P-valued

N

%

N

%

N

%

Total

2881

100.00

2704

93.86

177

6.14

     

Stages

      

< 0.001

    

0

216

7.50

212

7.84

4

2.26

 

1.00

   

A

1191

41.34

1150

42.53

41

23.16

 

1.61

0.56

4.60

0.373

B

724

25.13

673

24.89

51

28.81

 

2.81

0.98

8.01

0.054

C

652

22.63

587

21.71

65

36.72

 

3.40

1.19

9.68

0.022*

D

98

3.40

82

3.03

16

9.04

 

5.36

1.68

17.14

0.005*

Personal characteristics

           

Gender

      

0.483

    

Male

2041

70.84

1911

70.67

130

73.45

 

1.00

   

Female

840

29.16

793

29.33

47

26.55

 

0.89

0.60

1.31

0.551

Age (Year)

      

0.041

    

40–54

547

18.99

510

18.86

37

20.90

 

1.00

   

55–64

892

30.96

835

30.88

57

32.20

 

1.03

0.64

1.67

0.900

65–74

871

30.23

833

30.81

38

21.47

 

0.61

0.36

1.06

0.080

≥75

571

19.82

526

19.45

45

25.42

 

0.98

0.56

1.71

0.953

Mean ± SD

64.51 ± 10.86

64.52 ± 10.81

64.44 ± 11.62

0.922

    

Marital status

      

0.009

    

Unmarried

155

5.38

147

5.44

8

4.52

 

1.00

   

Married

2356

81.78

2224

82.25

132

74.58

 

1.60

0.73

3.48

0.238

Divorced

144

5.00

128

4.73

16

9.04

 

2.97

1.18

7.50

0.021*

Widowed

226

7.84

205

7.58

21

11.86

 

2.50

1.00

6.28

0.051

Socioeconomic status

           

Monthly salaries (NT$ e )

      

< 0.001

    

≤22,800

1791

62.17

1643

60.76

148

83.62

 

1.00

   

22,801 − 28,800

660

22.91

645

23.85

15

8.47

 

0.40

0.22

0.70

0.002*

≥28,801

430

14.93

416

15.38

14

7.91

 

0.64

0.36

1.17

0.149

Education level

      

0.107

    

Elementary school (and illiteracy)

1542

53.52

1449

53.59

93

52.54

 

1.00

   

Junior high school

526

18.26

484

17.90

42

23.73

 

1.32

0.85

2.05

0.212

Senior high school (and above)

813

28.22

771

28.51

42

23.73

 

0.94

0.61

1.46

0.785

Environmental factors

           

Urbanization

      

0.630

    

Level 1

657

22.80

619

22.89

38

21.47

 

1.00

   

Level 2

839

29.12

789

29.18

50

28.25

 

1.03

0.66

1.61

0.909

Level 3

444

15.41

409

15.13

35

19.77

 

1.43

0.87

2.34

0.162

Level 4

506

17.56

480

17.75

26

14.69

 

0.90

0.52

1.55

0.709

Level 5

103

3.58

96

3.55

7

3.95

 

1.37

0.57

3.30

0.487

Level 6

190

6.59

176

6.51

14

7.91

 

1.32

0.67

2.60

0.415

Level 7

142

4.93

135

4.99

7

3.95

 

0.76

0.32

1.79

0.527

Use of preventive medicine

           

Health examination within three years before the diagnosis

      

< 0.001

    

No

793

27.53

724

26.78

69

38.98

 

1.00

   

Yes

2088

72.47

1980

73.22

108

61.02

 

0.86

0.61

1.21

0.381

Health Status

           

Charlson Comorbidity Index

      

< 0.001

    

≤ 2

375

13.02

366

13.54

9

5.08

 

1.00

   

3–7

1907

66.19

1789

66.16

118

66.67

 

2.02

0.99

4.11

0.052

≥8

599

20.79

549

20.30

50

28.25

 

2.17

1.02

4.63

0.044*

Hepatitis B

      

< 0.001

    

Yes

1113

38.63

1066

39.42

47

26.55

 

1.00

   

No

1768

61.37

1638

60.58

130

73.45

 

1.61

1.11

2.33

0.011*

Hepatitis C

      

0.394

    

No

1843

63.97

1724

63.76

119

67.23

 

1.00

   

Yes

1038

36.03

980

36.24

58

32.77

 

0.91

0.64

1.31

0.619

Characteristics of the main hospital before diagnosis

           

Level of medical institution

      

0.274

    

Medical center

317

11.00

292

10.80

25

14.12

 

1.00

   

Regional hospital

527

18.29

497

18.38

30

16.95

 

0.62

0.35

1.11

0.110

District hospital

310

10.76

286

10.58

24

13.56

 

0.94

0.49

1.78

0.838

Primary clinic

1727

59.94

1629

60.24

98

55.37

 

0.57

0.33

1.00

0.051

Ownership of medical institutions

      

0.467

    

Public hospital

675

23.43

638

23.59

37

20.90

 

1.00

   

Non-public hospital

2206

76.57

2066

76.41

140

79.10

 

1.62

1.01

2.58

0.044*

Characteristics of main treatment institutions after diagnosis

           

Level of medical institution

      

0.003

    

Medical center

494

17.15

449

16.61

45

25.42

 

--

   

Regional hospital

793

27.53

746

27.59

47

26.55

 

--

--

--

--

District hospital

332

11.52

306

11.32

26

14.69

 

--

--

--

--

Primary clinic

1262

43.80

1203

44.49

59

33.33

 

--

--

--

--

Ownership of medical institutions

      

0.364

    

Public hospital

444

15.41

412

15.24

32

18.08

 

--

   

Non-public hospital

2437

84.59

2292

84.76

145

81.92

 

--

--

--

--

  1. aChi-squared test. bEvent is a diagnosis in an emergency department; OR: odds ratio. cConfidence interval. dLogistic regression analysis. eNT$: New Taiwan dollar. *P < 0.05