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Table 3 Estimates of the adjusted asymmetric fixed-effects regressions

From: Associations between changes in physical activity and perceived social exclusion and loneliness within middle-aged adults – longitudinal evidence from the German ageing survey

 

Coefficients of perceived social exclusion

Coefficients of loneliness

Start following WHO physical activity recommendations

-0.02 (0.04)

[-0.10; 0.05]

-0.02 (0.03)

[-0.08; 0.05]

Stop following WHO physical activity recommendations

0.09* (0.04)

[0.01; 0.12]

0.02 (0.03)

[-0.05; 0.08]

Age

-0.00 (0.00)

[-0.01; 0.01]

-0.01 (0.00)

[-0.12- 0.00]

Marital status (Ref.= married, living together)

  

Married, living apart

0.36+ (0.19)

[-0.02; 0.74]

0.16 (0.14)

[-0.11;0.42]

Divorced

0.06 (0.10)

[0.13; 0.25]

0.07 (0.07)

[-0.08; 0.21]

Widowed

-0.17 (0.13)

[-0.42; 0.07]

-0.06 (0.09)

[-0.23;0.12]

Single

-0.05 (0.09)

[-0.23; 0.14]

-0.06 (0.08)

[-0,21; 0.10]

Employment status, (Ref.= Employed)

  

(early) Retired

-0.04 (0.05)

[-0.14; 0.05]

-0.01 (0.04)

[-0.08; 0.06]

Other

0.10+ (0.05)

[-0.00; 0.19]

0.05 (0.03)

[]-0.02; 0.12

Social-network size, (from 0 to 9)

-0.00 (0.00)

[-0.01; 0.00]

-0.00 (0.00)

[-0.01; 0.00]

General self-efficacy (from 1 = low to 4 = high)

-0.22*** (0.04)

[-0.29; -0.15]

-0.23*** (0.03)

[-0.30; 0.17]

Depressive symptoms (CES-D) (from 0 = no depressive symptoms to 45 = severe depressive symptoms)

0.01** (0.00)

[0.00; 0.01]

0.00* (0.00)

[0.00; 0.01]

Self-rated health (from 1 = very good to 5 = very bad)

0.04* (0.02)

[0.00; 0.07]

0.03* (0.02)

[0.00; 0.06]

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

0.00 (0.01)

[-0,01;0.02]

-0.01 (0.01)

[-0.02;0.00]

Sum of morbidities (from 0 to 11)

0.02* (0.01)

[0.00; 0.04]

0.01 (0.01)

[-0.00; 0.03]

Physical functioning subscale of the SF-36 (from 0 = worst to 100 = best)

0.00*** (0.00)

[0.00; 0.00]

0.00 (0.00)

[-0.00; 0.00]

Constant

1.78*** (0.33)

[1.12; 2.43]

2.86*** (0.28)

[2.32; 3.42]

Observations

4,264

4,255

Number of individuals

2,439

2,441

0.07

0.06

  1. Unstandardized beta-coefficients are displayed. Robust standard errors in parentheses(), and 95% Confidence intervals in []; *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.10; CES-D = The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Ref = Reference group, MET = metabolic equivalent task