Table 1 Characteristics of the 4,264 included observations in the adjusted analyses on perceived exclusion

Age, mean (SD), range 40–64 years

54.9 (5.8)

Females, n (%)

2,303 (54.0)

Marital status, n (%)

Married, living together

3,121 (73.2)

Married, living apart

76 (1.8)

Divorced

468 (11.0)

Widowed

165 (3.9)

Single

434 (10.2)

Employment status, n (%)

Employed

3,312 (77.7)

(early) Retired

423 (9.9)

Other (not employed)

529 (12.4)

Social-network size, mean (SD), from 0 to 9

5.5 (2.7)

Self-efficacy, mean (SD), from 1 to 4 with higher values indicating higher self-efficacy

3.1 (0.4)

Depressive symptoms (CES-D), mean (SD) from 0 = no depressive symptoms to 45 = severe depressive symptoms

6.8 (6.3)

Self-rated health, mean (SD), from 1 = very good to 5 = very bad

2.4 (0.8)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²), mean (SD)

27.0 (5.0)

Sum of morbidities, mean (SD), from 0 to 11

2.0 (1.7)

Physical functioning subscale of the SF-36, mean (SD), from 0 = worst to 100 = best

87.4 (18.7)

Followed the WHO physical activity recommendations, n (%)

3,503 (82.2)