2005 (N = 116; Obs = 116) | 2015 (N = 116; Obs = 116) | 2005–2015 (N = 116; Obs = 1,276) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social determinants | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | SD-within | SD-between | pa |
HDIb | < 0.001 | ||||||||
HUMIC | 75.43 | 6.42 | 75.54 | 6.64 | 78.90 | 8.32 | 1.70 | 8.20 | |
LLMIC | 45.48 | 7.47 | 46.56 | 8.88 | 53.08 | 9.73 | 2.37 | 9.53 | |
Public social protection expenditure, % of GDP | < 0.001 | ||||||||
HUMIC | 10.83 | 6.00 | 10.90 | 6.10 | 13.46 | 7.26 | 1.22 | 7.20 | |
LLMIC | 4.05 | 2.74 | 4.31 | 3.13 | 4.86 | 3.89 | 1.46 | 3.58 | |
Current health expenditure, % of GDP | < 0.001 | ||||||||
HUMIC | 6.15 | 1.97 | 6.18 | 2.03 | 6.96 | 2.51 | 0.66 | 2.43 | |
LLMIC | 5.97 | 2.67 | 6.00 | 2.63 | 5.24 | 2.33 | 0.87 | 2.18 | |
Labour force participation rate, %c | < 0.001 | ||||||||
HUMIC | 41.41 | 9.96 | 41.30 | 9.87 | 44.53 | 12.16 | 2.47 | 11.99 | |
LLMIC | 55.57 | 15.10 | 54.89 | 15.40 | 50.27 | 14.08 | 2.44 | 14.00 | |
Prevalence of undernourishment, %c | 7.13 | 6.29 | 7.13 | 6.29 | 5.95 | 5.79 | 1.46 | 5.64 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 24.06 | 10.40 | 23.14 | 10.46 | 19.90 | 11.08 | 3.16 | 10.72 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Prevalence of HIV/AIDS per 1,000 | 8.99 | 29.89 | 9.00 | 29.89 | 7.06 | 26.05 | 0.57 | 26.22 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 19.33 | 24.13 | 19.26 | 24.58 | 16.63 | 29.86 | 2.34 | 30.06 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Prevalence of diabetes per 1,000 | 72.02 | 30.13 | 72.20 | 30.09 | 69.66 | 27.95 | 2.17 | 28.06 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 58.84 | 16.65 | 59.70 | 17.59 | 66.24 | 18.79 | 2.17 | 18.84 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Prevalence of alcohol use disorder per 1,000 | 18.21 | 10.78 | 18.23 | 10.78 | 17.03 | 9.84 | 0.40 | 9.90 | 0.001 |
HUMIC | 12.06 | 4.64 | 12.05 | 4.61 | 12.79 | 5.84 | 0.37 | 5.89 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Prevalence of daily smoking per 1,000 | 172.32 | 72.60 | 171.41 | 72.41 | 175.50 | 65.51 | 8.44 | 65.40 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 103.22 | 54.96 | 101.56 | 53.20 | 124.24 | 67.45 | 6.62 | 67.77 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Out-of-pocket health expenditure, % of current health expenditure | 32.09 | 16.93 | 32.08 | 16.95 | 28.17 | 16.35 | 3.39 | 16.10 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 44.77 | 20.03 | 43.88 | 20.25 | 44.02 | 19.39 | 4.94 | 18.93 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Case detection rate, % (all forms) | 82.30 | 8.17 | 82.30 | 8.17 | 83.52 | 7.36 | 1.98 | 7.14 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 55.38 | 16.10 | 56.19 | 15.37 | 56.78 | 16.93 | 4.93 | 16.35 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Treatment success rate, % (all new cases) | 76.12 | 13.69 | 76.26 | 14.39 | 76.39 | 13.83 | 9.00 | 10.57 | 0.001 |
HUMIC | 81.68 | 8.64 | 82.25 | 7.93 | 82.51 | 10.67 | 5.51 | 9.22 | |
LLMIC | |||||||||
Urbanicity, %c | 63.03 | 16.85 | 63.10 | 16.92 | 67.76 | 17.99 | 1.50 | 18.05 | < 0.001 |
HUMIC | 32.28 | 11.94 | 32.99 | 12.68 | 39.45 | 14.68 | 1.61 | 14.73 | |
LLMIC | 75.43 | 6.42 | 75.54 | 6.64 | 78.90 | 8.32 | 1.70 | 8.20 |