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Table 1 Summary statistics

From: Associations of parental attitudes and health behaviors with children’s screen time over four years

Wave

Variable

2011 (n = 1941)

2015 (n = 2707)

χ2 / F

N (%) / Mean (SD)

N (%) / Mean (SD)

Children’s ST

13.71 (13.23)

16.15 (17.39)

8.06***

Parental attitudes and health behaviors

   

Paternal attitude toward TV viewing

3.67 (0.73)

3.50 (0.81)

50.57***

Maternal attitude toward TV viewing

3.70 (0.75)

3.52 (0.84)

54.98***

Paternal attitude toward PA

3.21 (0.78)

3.11 (0.68)

14.32***

Maternal attitude toward PA

3.21 (0.75)

3.14 (0.67)

6.91***

Paternal ST

20.33 (14.47)

24.09 (20.42)

55.94***

Maternal ST

18.33 (12.92)

21.00 (17.76)

33.10***

Paternal PA

1.06 (3.15)

2.19 (3.82)

90.44***

Maternal PA

0.73 (2.48)

2.42 (4.11)

230.12***

Paternal cigarettes smoking

9.92 (10.87)

9.29 (10.27)

1.42

Maternal cigarettes smoking

0.09 (1.16)

0.06 (0.98)

3.04*

Paternal alcohol drinking

3.00 (1.79)

2.82 (1.79)

15.19***

Maternal alcohol drinking

1.23 (0.75)

1.10 (0.51)

52.10***

Parental and children’s socio-demographics

   

Children’s age

8.16 (5.05)

8.01 (4.74)

0.87

Father’s age

37.73 (7.10)

37.84 (7.03)

0.24

Mother’s age

35.61 (6.73)

35.85 (6.76)

0.17

Children’s gender

  

1.37

… Boys

1050 (54.1%)

1516 (56.0%)

 

… Girls

891 (45.9%)

1191 (44.0%)

 

Children’s ethnicity

  

3.71*

… Minority

199 (10.3%)

316 (11.7%)

 

… Han

1742 (89.7%)

2391 (88.3%)

 

Region

  

49.12***

… Central China

472 (24.3%)

841 (31.1%)

 

… Eastern China

637 (32.8%)

675 (24.9%)

 

… Northeastern China

196 (10.1%)

315 (11.6%)

 

… Western China

636 (32.8%)

876 (32.4%)

 

Residence

  

53.39***

… Rural

1174 (60.5%)

1906 (70.4%)

 

… Urban

767 (39.5%)

801 (29.6%)

 

Paternal education

  

17.17***

… Primary school or under

316 (16.3%)

348 (12.9%)

 

… Middle school

826 (42.6%)

1223 (45.2%)

 

… High school

311 (16.0%)

460 (17.0%)

 

… Technical school

168 (8.7%)

278 (10.3%)

 

… College and above

320 (16.5%)

398 (14.7%)

 

Maternal education

  

38.25***

… Primary school or under

460 (23.7%)

474 (17.5%)

 

… Middle school

774 (39.9%)

1281 (47.3%)

 

… High school

244 (12.6%)

332 (12.3%)

 

… Technical school

156 (8.0%)

211 (7.8%)

 

… College or above

307 (15.8%)

409 (15.1%)

 

Paternal employment status

  

74.62***

… Unemployed

218 (11.2%)

581 (21.5%)

 

… Fixed-term worker

802 (41.3%)

962 (35.5%)

 

… Others

921 (47.4%)

1164 (43.0%)

 

Maternal employment status

  

69.04***

… Unemployed

532 (27.4%)

1104 (40.8%)

 

… Fixed-term worker

629 (32.4%)

750 (27.7%)

 

… Others

780 (40.2%)

853 (31.5%)

 
  1. Significance: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001;
  2. Measurement units: screen time - hours/week, physical activity - hours/week, cigarette smoking - number of cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol drinking - frequency of drinking during the past week, attitudes toward TV viewing and physical activity − 5-point Likert-scales