Outcomes | Pre-test Mean (SE)a | Post-test Mean (SE) | Follow-up Mean (SE) | Mean difference between groupsb (intervention vs. control) Estimates (SE) [95% CI] | Time x Group (p-value)c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N primary outcome (co−PA) | I | 60 | 45 | 36 | Pre-post | Pre-FU | Pre-post | Pre-FU |
C | 31 | 28 | 25 | |||||
Main outcomes | ||||||||
Co-physical activity | ||||||||
Total | I | 12.0 (4.9) | 38.4 (5.2) | 49.1 (5.5) | + 24.2 (7.7) [9.0; 39.4] | + 6.4 (8.1) [-9.7; 22.5] | p = 0.002** | p = 0.433 |
C | 16.0 (3.7) | 18.2 (4.1) | 46.7 (4.7) | |||||
Father-child dyad (1 on 1) | I | 3.9 (2.2) | 16.7 (2.3) | 14.0 (2.5) | + 12.9 (3.4) [6.1; 19.7] | + 8.2 (3.6) [1.0; 15.4] | p < 0.001*** | p = 0.027* |
C | 5.2 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.8) | 7.1 (2.1) | |||||
Standard weekdays (min./day) | I | 2.1 (2.1) | 12.7 (2.3) | 11.3 (2.5) | + 10.4 (3.9) [2.7; 18.1] | + 3.3 (4.1) [-4.9; 11.4] | p = 0.008** | p = 0.431 |
C | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.2 (1.8) | 9.0 (2.1) | |||||
Weekend days (min./day) | I | 4.6 (4.6) | 27.2 (5.1) | 16.9 (5.4) | + 22.5 (7.7) [7.2; 37.8] | + 18.4 (8.2) [2.1; 34.7] | p = 0.004** | p = 0.027* |
C | 9.2 (3.6) | 9.3 (4.0) | 3.1 (4.6) | |||||
Wednesdays (min./day) | I | 3.0 (3.1) | 12.3 (3.5) | 18.5 (3.7) | + 11.0 (5.8) [-0.5; 22.5] | + 13.7 (6.2) [1.5; 25.9] | p = 0.061 | p = 0.028* |
C | 5.5 (2.4) | 3.9 (2.7) | 7.4 (3.1) | |||||
Father-child dyad + other family members | I | 6.7 (4.3) | 21.9 (4.7) | 35.1 (5.0) | + 12.5 (6.9) [-1.1; 26.2] | -0.3 (7.4) [-14.8; 14.2] | p = 0.073 | p = 0.967 |
C | 11.0 (3.3) | 13.6 (3.8) | 39.7 (4.2) | |||||
Standard weekdays (min./day) | I | 4.1 (4.2) | 12.4 (4.7) | 26.4 (5.0) | + 5.1 (7.1) [-8.9; 19.2] | + 3.4 (7.6) [-11.7; 18.4] | p = 0.472 | p = 0.659 |
C | 4.9 (3.3) | 8.1 (3.7) | 23.9 (4.3) | |||||
Weekend days (min./day) | I | 16.1 (8.0) | 44.5 (8.8) | 48.9 (9.5) | + 32.7 (14.1) [4.7; 60.7] | -2.3 (15.0) [-32.7; 27.5] | p = 0.023* | p = 0.881 |
C | 27.1 (6.1) | 22.8 (7.0) | 62.1 (8.0) | |||||
Wednesdays (min./day) | I | 6.2 (7.4) | 12.8 (8.3) | 40.1 (8.9) | -5.11 (13.2) [-31.2; 20.9] | -18.3 (14.1) [-46.0; 9.5] | p = 0.699 | p = 0.196 |
C | 3.0 (5.8) | 14.7 (6.5) | 55.2 (7.6) | |||||
PA father | ||||||||
Volume PA (mg/day) | I | 44.1 (2.7) | 54.8 (2.8) | n.a. | + 6.1 (2.4) [1.5;10.8] | n.a. | p = 0.010* | n.a. |
C | 46.6 (2.0) | 51.2 (2.1) | n.a. | |||||
LPA (mg/day) | I | 167.4 (10.6) | 184.8 (11.0) | n.a. | + 3.2 (7.7) [-11.9;18.4] | n.a. | p = 0.676 | n.a. |
C | 185.6 (8.0) | 199.4 (8.2) | n.a. | |||||
MP (mg/day)A | I | 94.6 (10.4) | 122.3 (10.9) | n.a. | + 17.2 (8.2) [1.2; 33.3] | n.a. | p = 0.035* | n.a. |
C | 114.9 (7.8) | 125.4 (8.1) | n.a. | |||||
VPA (mg/day) | I | 6.0 (1.4) | 10.2 (1.6) | n.a. | + 1.9 (1.9) [-1.8; 5.5] | n.a. | p = 0.318 | n.a. |
C | 3.5 (1.0) | 5.9 (1.2) | n.a. | |||||
PA child | ||||||||
Volume PA (mg/day) | I | 71.6 (2.7) | 73.7 (3.0) | n.a. | -4.3 (3.3) [-10.8;2.1] | n.a. | p = 0.189 | n.a. |
C | 78.9 (2.0) | 85.3 (2.2) | n.a. | |||||
LPA (mg/day) | I | 219.4 (7.7) | 251.1 (8.5) | n.a. | + 34.6 (8.3) [18.2;50.9] | n.a. | p < 0.001*** | n.a. |
C | 236.5 (5.8) | 233.6 (6.3) | n.a. | |||||
MPA (mg/day) | I | 74.0 (4.5) | 67.8 (4.5) | n.a. | -15.2 (5.4) [-25.8;-4.7] | n.a. | p = 0.005** | n.a. |
C | 80.9 (3.0) | 90.0 (4.5) | n.a. | |||||
VPA (mg/day) | I | 7.9 (1.1) | 7.6 (1.2) | n.a. | -4.4 (1.4) [-7.2;-4.7] | n.a. | p = 0.002** | n.a. |
C | 8.5 (0.8) | 12.6 (0.9) | n.a. | |||||
Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
Body Mass Index | ||||||||
Father (kg/m) | I | 25.6 (0.5) | 25.7 (0.5) | 25.8 (0.5) | + 0.2 (0.2) [-0.3; 0.6] | + 0.2 (0.3) [-0.3;0.7] | p = 0.493 | p = 0.441 |
C | 24.9 (0.4) | 24.8 (0.4) | 24.8 (0.4) | |||||
Child (z-scores) | I | -0.3 (0.2) | -0.3 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | + 0.2 (0.3) [-0.4;0.7] | + 0.5 (0.4) [-0.2;1.2] | p = 0.586 | p = 0.142 |
C | 0.0 (0.2) | -0.1 (0.2) | -0.1 (0.2) | |||||
Sedentary behaviour | ||||||||
Father (min./day) | I | 696.0 (18.9) | 638.9 (20.3) | n.a. | -39.3 (17.2) [-73.1;-5.6] | n.a. | p = 0.022** | n.a. |
C | 665.2 (14.0) | 647.4 (14.7) | n.a. | |||||
Child (min./day) | I | 555.5 (12.8) | 539.10 (14.1) | n.a. | -40.0 (13.3) [-65.1;-12.9] | n.a. | p = 0.003** | n.a. |
C | 529.8 (9.7) | 552.4 (10.4) | n.a. | |||||
C | 4.6 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | |||||
Family Health Climate PA (shared perceptions and cognitions on PA) | ||||||||
Score on 14 | I | 22.9 (1.0) | 24.4 (1.7) | 25.9 (1.1) | 0.0 (1.1) [-2.3;2.2] | + 0.8 (1.2) [-1.6;3.3] | p = 0.987 | p = 0.492 |
C | 23.8 (0.7) | 25.3 (0.8) | 25.9 (0.9) | |||||
Nurturant fathering scale (quality of father-child relationship) | ||||||||
Score on 45 | I | 32.7 (0.7) | 33.1 (0.8) | 33.9 (0.8) | + 1.0 (0.8) [-0.7;2.6] | + 1.7 (0.9) [-0.1;3.4] | p = 0.237 | p = 0.069 |
C | 33.9 (0.5) | 33.2 (0.6) | 33.5 (0.6) |