Table 5 Multilevel logistic regression models for individual and community correlates of intention to use contraceptives: based on 2010–2018 DHS

Individual level factors

Age in years

15–24

21,016(44.32)

26,400(55.68)

3.50(3.38,3.63)

3.72(3.58,3.86)*

25–34

31,184(44.33)

39,168(55.67)

2.70(2.63,2.77)

2.81(2.74,2.89)*

35–49

15,163(24.81)

45,944(75.19)

1

1

Educational status of the women

No formal education

35,868(33.33)

71.737(66.67)

1

1

Primary education

15,033(41.22)

21,433(58.78)

1.20(1.16,1.23)

1.16(1.13,1.20)*

Secondary and higher

16,463(47.30)

18,341(52.70)

1.34(1.29,1.39)

1.32(1.27,1.37)*

Educational status of husband

No formal education

32,431(33.53)

64,290(66.47)

1

1

Primary education

12,817(41.82)

17,829(58.18)

1.25(1.21,1.29)

1.02(0.97,1.05)

Secondary and higher

22,066(42.98)

29,277(57.02)

1.05(1.02,1.08)

1.01(0.98,1.04)

Wealth index

Poor

26,615(34.11)

51,409(65.89)

1

1

Middle

14,491(38.86)

22,800(61.14)

1.09(1.06,1.13)

1.15(1.12,1.18)*

Rich

26,258(41.31)

37,302(56.69)

1.08(1.05,1.11)

1.28(1.24,1.32)*

Ideal number of children

< 4

10,306(35.83)

18,458(64.17)

1

1

≥ 4

57,058(38.01)

93,053(61.99)

1.10(1.07,1.13)

1.03(0.98,1.06)

Number of living children

None

5854(36.87)

10,025(63.13)

1

1

1–2

23,777(43.12)

31,362(56.88)

1.41(1.35,1.47)

1.42(1.37,1.48)*

≥ 3

37,732(34.98)

70,124(65.02)

1.74(1.67,1.82)

1.77(1.69,1.85)*

Age at cohabitations (Years)

< 18

36,629(34.87)

68,402(65.13)

1

1

≥ 18

3734(41.62)

43,110(58.38)

1.39(1.36,1.42)

1.37(1.33,1.40)*

Media exposure

No

23,176(30.80)

52,072(69.20)

1

1

Yes

44,042(42.74)

59,002(57.26)

1.63(1.59,1.66)

1.47(1.43,1.50)*

Ever terminated pregnancy

No

56,675(37.39)

94,913(62.61)

1

1

Yes

10,677(39.22)

16,547(60.78)

1.17(1.13,1.20)

1.13(1.09,1.17)

Survey year

2010–2013

20,661(51.98)

19,091(48.02)

1

1

2014–2015

15,736(26.51)

43,628(73.49)

0.25(0.24, 0.26)

0.23(0.22, 0.24)*

2016–2018

30,967(38.82)

48,793(61.18)

0.48(0.77, 0.88)

0.45(0.44, 0.46)*

Community level media exposure

Low

31,765(35.50)

57,712(64.50)

1

1

High

3599(39.82)

53,799(60.18)

1.06(0.97,1.14)

0.92(0.85,1.02)

Community level education

Low

30,279(35.09)

56,017(64.91)

1

1

High

37,085(40.06)

55,494(59.94)

1.17(1.08,1.26)

1.03(0.94,1.12)

Distance to the health facility

Big problem

22,597(36.08)

40,035(63.92)

1

1

Not .Big problem

41,525(41.44)

58,672(58.56)

1.22(1.19,1.25)

1.16(1.13,1.19)*

Place of residence

Urban

19,158(40.57)

28,064(59.43)

1

1

Rural

48,206(36.52)

83,447(63.38)

0.98(0.95,1.02)

1.04(0.95,1.14)

Random effect results

Null model

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

ICC

9.86

9.32

9.13

8.75

Variance (%)

36.0

33.81

33.1

31.55

MOR

1.77

1.74

1.73

1.71

PCV

Ref

6.08

8.06

12.36

Model fitness

Deviance(-2LL)

231053.42

217969.38

212388.66

201052.7