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Table 2 Results of generalised estimating equations modelling longitudinal CEP expenditure by local characteristics

From: Inequalities in local government spending on cultural, environmental and planning services: a time-trend analysis in England, Scotland, and Wales

Characteristic

Annual percentage change in CEP expenditure per capita (95% CI)

England

Least deprived IMD quintile

-4.45 (-5.60, -3.29)

Most deprived IMD quintile

-7.46 (-8.86, -6.03)

Scotland

Least deprived IMD quintile

-5.03 (-5.89, -4.17)

Most deprived IMD quintile

-3.98 (-5.88, -2.05)

Wales

Least deprived IMD quintile

-5.77 (-6.50, -5.04)

Most deprived IMD quintile

-6.07 (-6.78, -5.36)

England

Rural

-4.86 (-5.67, -4.05)

Urban

-4.45 (-5.60, -3.29)

Scotland

Rural

-3.86 (-5.08, -2.63)

Urban

-5.03 (-5.89, -4.17)

Wales

Rural

-5.72 (-6.90, -4.54)

Urban

-5.77 (-6.50, -5.04)

Local government structure (England LAs only)

Two-tier (Shire Districts)

-3.12 (-4.19, -2.04)

Single-tier councils outside London (unitary authorities and metropolitan districts)

-4.45 (-5.60, -3.29)

London boroughs

-5.10 (-6.44, -3.73)

  1. Rates presented are the linear combinations of relevant estimates for each local characteristic considered, holding all other characteristics constant at their base level