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Table 2 Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models estimating the association between language proficiency and perceived communication quality scores (n = 2407)

From: Migrant and native women’s perceptions of prenatal care communication quality: the role of host-country language proficiency

 

Zero-inflated part

Negative binomial part

Before multiple imputation

After multiple imputation

Before multiple imputation

After multiple imputation

OR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

aIRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

aIRR

95% CI

Language proficiency (n = 2610)

 Native (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Full

1.35

(0.93,1.95)

1.16

(0.79,1.71)

1.37

(0.95,1.98)

1.24

(0.86,1.79)

1.36

(1.22,1.51)

1.34

(1.20,1.50)

1.37

(1.24,1.52)

1.35

(1.22,1.50)

 Intermediate

1.51

(0.98,2.34)

1.41

(0.85,2.33)

1.62

(1.05,2.50)

1.47

(0.94,2.30)

1.46

(1.29,1.65)

1.37

(1.18,1.59)

1.48

(1.30,1.69)

1.41

(1.23,1.61)

 Limited

0.49

(0.18,1.32)

0.51

(0.21,1.27)

0.55

(0.22,1.39)

0.58

(0.26,1.33)

1.71

(1.49,1.97)

1.71

(1.45,2.00)

1.78

(1.51,2.11)

1.72

(1.45,2.05)

Age (n = 2610)

 18–24

0.76

(0.43,1.33)

0.86

(0.54,1.38)

0.78

(0.44,1.36)

0.81

(0.51,1.29)

1.03

(0.91,1.15)

1.02

(0.90,1.16)

1.04

(0.92,1.18)

1.01

(0.89,1.14)

 25–34 (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≥ 35

1.23

(0.85,1.77)

1.15

(0.80,1.65)

1.23

(0.85,1.78)

1.18

(0.83,1.66)

0.96

(0.86,1.06)

1.02

(0.92,1.14)

0.94

(0.85,1.04)

0.98

(0.89,1.08)

Highest education level attained (n = 2609)

 Post-secondary (> 12th grade) (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Upper-secondary (12th grade)

2.38

(1.30,4.33)

2.50

(1.31,4.77)

2.50

(1.34,4.67)

2.63

(1.48,4.66)

1.07

(0.96,1.19)

1.06

(0.94,1.20)

1.06

(0.95,1.17)

1.02

(0.91,1.13)

 < Upper-secondary

3.61

(1.96,6.63)

3.53

(1.91,6.54)

3.84

(2.04,7.25)

3.74

(2.11,6.63)

1.17

(1.04,1.30)

1.11

(0.97,1.26)

1.19

(1.06,1.33)

1.11

(0.99,1.25)

Healthcare system used (n = 2554)

 National health services

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Extra individual health insurance plan

0.64

(0.42,0.97)

0.89

(0.58,1.38)

0.61

(0.39,0.94)

0.97

(0.66,1.43)

0.82

(0.74,0.90)

0.94

(0.84,1.05)

0.83

(0.75,0.91)

0.96

(0.86,1.06)

Administrative health region (n = 2610)

 Lisbon and Tagus valley (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Center

1.30

(0.76,2.21)

1.58

(0.93,2.68)

1.10

(0.64,1.91)

1.55

(0.95,2.55)

0.80

(0.69,0.93)

0.85

(0.73,0.99)

0.82

(0.71,0.94)

0.87

(0.76,1.00)

 North

1.37

(0.91,2.05)

1.37

(0.90,2.08)

1.28

(0.86,1.91)

1.45

(0.98,2.16)

0.84

(0.74,0.95)

0.84

(0.74,0.94)

0.83

(0.75,0.93)

0.86

(0.77,0.95)

 Algarve

0.99

(0.50,1.95)

0.98

(0.51,1.88)

0.99

(0.50,1.96)

1.07

(0.58,1.95)

1.01

(0.86,1.18)

1.06

(0.90,1.24)

0.99

(0.84,1.18)

1.00

(0.85,1.18)

Parity (n = 2500)

 Multiparous (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primiparous

0.53

(0.36,0.77)

0.68

(0.47,0.99)

0.52

(0.35,0.76)

0.71

(0.50,1.02)

1.04

(0.94,1.14)

1.06

(0.96,1.18)

1.02

(0.93,1.12)

1.07

(0.98,1.18)

Complications during pregnancya (n = 2553)

 No (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.71

(0.47,1.07)

0.73

(0.50,1.07)

0.69

(0.45,1.06)

0.68

(0.47,0.97)

1.04

(0.94,1.14)

1.06

(0.96,1.17)

1.03

(0.94,1.14)

1.05

(0.95,1.15)

  1. n = 2407 in the adjusted models before multiple imputation, and n = 2712 in the adjusted models after multiple imputation
  2. OR crude odds ratios, aOR adjusted odds ratios, IRR crude incidence rate ratios, aIRR adjusted incidence rate ratios
  3. aComplications during pregnancy were retrieved from clinical records and included: high blood pressure,preeclampsia,gestational diabetes,acute pyelonephritis,placenta praevia,placental abruption,and other rare complications