Characteristics | Language Proficiency | P | Communication quality score | P** | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Native (n = 1400) | Full (n = 732) | Intermediate (n = 338) | Limited (n = 140) | Median (P25,P75) | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Migration-related characteristics | |||||||
Language Proficiency (n = 2610) | - | - | - | - | |||
Native | - | - | - | - | 2 (0,4) | ||
Full proficiency | - | - | - | - | - | 2 (0,5) | < .001 |
Intermediate proficiency | - | - | - | - | 3 (0,5) | ||
Limited proficiency | - | - | - | - | 4 (2,7) | ||
Region of birth (n = 2610) | |||||||
Europe (including Portugal) | 1400 (0.0) | 146 (20.0) | 94 (27.8) | 43 (30.7) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Africa | - | 274 (37.4) | 218 (64.5) | 52 (37.2) | < .001* | 3 (0,5) | < .001 |
Americasa | - | 310 (42.3) | 14 (4.1) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0,5) | ||
Asia | - | 2 (0.3) | 12 (3.6) | 44 (31.4) | 3 (2,7) | ||
Length of stay in Portugal (n = 1204) | |||||||
≤ 5 years | - | 150 (20.6) | 114 (34.0) | 100 (71.5) | 3 (1,6) | ||
5–10 years | - | 182 (25.0) | 127 (37.9) | 31 (22.1) | < .001 | 3 (0,6) | < .001 |
> 10 years | - | 397 (54.4) | 94 (28.1) | 9 (6.4) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||
Age (years) (n = 2610) | |||||||
18–24 | 180 (12.9) | 121 (16.5) | 59 (17.5) | 29 (20.7) | 2 (0,5) | ||
25–34 | 775 (55.3) | 387 (52.9) | 193 (57.1) | 87 (62.2) | .001 | 2 (0,4) | .032 |
≥ 35 | 445 (31.8) | 224 (30.6) | 86 (25.4) | 24 (17.1) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Marital status (n = 2610) | |||||||
Partner | 1062 (75.9) | 535 (73.1) | 221 (65.4) | 126 (90.0) | < .001 | 2 (0,4) | .292 |
No Partner | 338 (24.1) | 197 (26.9) | 117 (34.6) | 14 (10.0) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Highest education level attained (n = 2609) | |||||||
Post-secondary (> 12th grade) | 555 (39.6) | 212 (29.0) | 89 (26.3) | 50 (36.0) | 2 (1,4) | ||
Upper-secondary (12th grade) | 482 (34.4) | 355 (48.5) | 102 (30.2) | 31 (22.3) | < .001 | 2 (0,5) | .117 |
< Upper-secondary | 363 (26.0) | 165 (22.5) | 147 (43.5) | 58 (41.7) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Monthly household income (n = 2497) | |||||||
< 500 €/person | 579 (43.0) | 454 (64.8) | 247 (78.2) | 108 (80.6) | 2 (0,5) | ||
500–1000 €/person | 645 (47.9) | 224 (31.9) | 61 (19.3) | 24 (17.9) | < .001 | 2 (0,4) | .172 |
> 1000 €/person | 122 (9.1) | 23 (3.3) | 8 (2.5) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1,4) | ||
Healthcare system used (n = 2554) | |||||||
National health services | 743 (54.3) | 528 (73.2) | 279 (84.0) | 118 (88.7) | < .001 | 2 (0,5) | .290 |
Extra individual health insurance plan | 625 (45.7) | 193 (26.8) | 53 (16.0) | 15 (11.3) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Administrative health region (n = 2610) | |||||||
Lisbon | 769 (54.9) | 438 (59.9) | 251 (74.3) | 90 (64.3) | 2 (0,5) | ||
Center | 185 (13.2) | 80 (10.9) | 16 (4.7) | 17 (12.1) | < .001 | 2 (0,4) | < .001 |
North | 357 (25.5) | 161 (22.0) | 41 (12.1) | 21 (15.0) | 2 (0,3) | ||
Algarve | 89 (6.4) | 53 (7.2) | 30 (8.9) | 12 (8.6) | 3 (0,5) | ||
Obstetric characteristics | |||||||
Parity (n = 2500) | |||||||
Primiparous | 685 (50.8) | 336 (47.9) | 135 (43.0) | 65 (47.4) | .077 | 2 (0,5) | < .001 |
Multiparous | 662 (49.2) | 366 (52.1) | 179 (57.0) | 72 (52.6) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Smoking during pregnancy (n = 2555) | |||||||
No | 1164 (84.9) | 668 (92.6) | 314 (95.7) | 128 (94.8) | < .001 | 2 (0,4) | .087 |
Yes | 207 (15.1) | 53 (7.4) | 14 (4.3) | 7 (5.2) | 2 (0,4) | ||
Complications during pregnancyb (n = 2553) | |||||||
No | 978 (71.4) | 502 (70.0) | 234 (71.1) | 97 (70.3) | .919 | 2 (0,4) | .014 |
Yes | 391 (28.6) | 215 (30.0) | 95 (28.9) | 41 (29.7) | 2 (0,5) | ||
Adequacy of prenatal care utilization (n = 2405) | |||||||
Adequate | 1064 (82.2) | 507 (76.4) | 214 (68.8) | 83 (61.5) | < .001 | 2 (0,4) | < .001 |
Intermediate/Inadequatec | 231 (17.8) | 157 (23.6) | 97 (31.2) | 52 (38.5) | 3 (0,5) |