Intervention | Population | Comparator | Outcome | Timeframe | Effect size (method: effect (95% CI)) | I2 | Publication bias | Number of RCTs | RCT quality assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychotherapy (CBT, MI, BI) [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 1.51 (1.04, 2.21) | 67.3% | NR | 4 | NR |
Psychotherapy (CBT, MI, BI) [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.99 (0.57, 1.70) | 67.3% | NR | 2 | NR |
Psychotherapy (CBT, MI, BI) [107] | AUD | psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 1.20 (0.58, 2.46) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Psychotherapy (CBT, MI, BI) [107] | AUD | psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 2.22 (0.89, 5.63) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Psychotherapy (CBT, MI, miscellaneous) [104] | 18–25 years (not in college) | Control group | Multiple (social consequences, AUDIT, ASI) | > 6 months | Cohen’s d: 0.18 (0.07, 0.29) | NR | NR | 22 | NR |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) | |||||||||
Lay health worker-led interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy) [115] | Adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol use | Enhanced usual care | Drinks per drinking day | up to 1 month | SMD: -0.37 (-0.52, -0.22) | 0% | NR (< 4 studies) | 2 | 1 study high risk blinding outcomes |
Lay health worker-led interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling) [115] | Adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol use | Enhanced usual care | Amount of alcohol consumed | 1 to 6 months | SMD: -0.23 (-0.56, 0.09) | 61% | NR (< 4 studies) | 3 | 1 study high risk blinding outcomes |
Lay health worker-led interventions (counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy) [115] | Adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol use | Enhanced usual care | Amount of alcohol consumed | > 6 months | SMD: -0.11 (-0.29, 0.06) | 42% | NR (< 4 studies) | 2 | 1 study high risk blinding outcomes |
CBT [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.53 (0.23, 1.22) | NA | NR | 64 | Low |
Short form CBT [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.05 (0, 1.16) | NA | NR | 64 | Very low |
Placebo + CBT [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.83 (0.28, 2.42) | NA | NR | 64 | Very low |
Contingency management (CM) | |||||||||
Contingency management [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.78 (0.17, 3.61) | NA | NR | 64 | Low |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.30 (0.03, 2.59) | 67.3% | NR | 1 | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.52 (0.07, 3.05) | 67.3% | NR | 1 | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | CM + psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 1.46 (0.12, 14.07) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | CM + psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.55 (0.07, 3.74) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.35 (0.03, 3.31) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.35 (0.05, 2.18) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.68 (0.06, 5.98) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.36 (0.05, 2.30) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy + psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.51 (0.04, 4.78) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Pharmacotherapy + psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.33 (0.04, 2.17) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.44 (0.04, 3.99) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.51 (0.07, 3.19) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.54 (0.04, 5.09) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Contingency management [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 1.12 (0.14, 8.60) | 67.3% | NR | 0 [NMA] | NR |
Community reinforcement | |||||||||
Social network support [63] | Alcohol dependents | No social network support | Abstinence in the past 90 days | > 12 months | OR: 3.97 (2.26, 6.95) | NR | None | 2 | High risk of bias |
Motivational interview (MI) | |||||||||
Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.45 (0.19, 1.11) | NA | NR | 64 | Very low |
MI or motivational enhancement therapy (MI plus feedback) [65] | NR | Comparison group: traditional waitlist, information only groups, ‘treatment-as-usual | Self-reported consumption | NR | OR: 2.31 (1.75, 3.06) | NR | No | 9 | NR |
Motivational interviewing [68] | Alcohol use | NR | Biochemically confirmed measures of alcohol use | 4–6 months | Cohen’s d: 0.30 (0.03, 0.57) | NR | No | 5 | NR |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Quantity of alcohol consumed | Less than four months follow-up | SMD: -0.25 (-0.37, -0.14) | 45% | NR | 33 | NR |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Quantity of alcohol consumed | 4 + months follow up | SMD: -0.12 (-0.17, -0.07) | 0.0% | No | 26 | Low |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Frequency of alcohol consumption | 4 + months follow up | SMD: -0.15 (-0.23, -0.07) | 27% | NR | 14 | Low |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Binge drinking | 4 + months follow up | SMD: -0.06 (-0.12, 0.01) | 0% | NR | 16 | Low |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Alcohol problems | 4 + months follow up | SMD: -0.11 (-0.19,-0.03) | 52% | NR | 22 | Moderate |
Motivational Interviewing [60] | Young people aged up to 25 years, at risk | No intervention/placebo/ treatment as usual | Quantity of alcohol consumed | 4 + months follow-up | SMD: -0.14 (-0.20, -0.08) | 22% | NR | 39 | moderate |
Motivational Interviewing [56] | Adolescents (12–20 years) with AUD or problematic alcohol use | Treatment as usual | Days of alcohol use | NR | Net mean difference: -1.1 (-2.2, -0.3) | NA | NR | 7 | Moderate |
Motivational interviewing [64] | Concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users | treatment as usual | Alcohol use as AUDIT or ASSIST scores | 3 months | SMD: 0.04 (-0.29,0.37) | 0% | NR | 2 | Low |
Family-oriented approach | |||||||||
Family-based prevention programmes [42] | School-aged children (< = 18 years) | No intervention/ standard care | Prevalence of alcohol use | NR | SMD: -0.16 (-0.36, 0.05) | NR | No | 2 | NR |
Family-based prevention programmes [42] | School-aged children (< = 18 years) | No intervention/ standard care | Volume of alcohol use | NR | SMD: 0.06 (-0.15, 0.27) | NR | No | 2 | NR |
Family-based prevention programmes [42] | School-aged children (< = 18 years) | No intervention /standard care | Frequency of alcohol use | NR | SMD: -0.65 (-1.64, 0.33) | 97% | NR | 5 | NR |
Other | |||||||||
Coping skill training [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.35 (0.1, 1.19) | NR | NR | 64 | Very low |
Cue Exposure Therapy; OR Cue Exposure Therapy and Coping Skills Training [67] | Adult participants (≥ 18) diagnosed with sub-clinical or clinical AUD | Active target conditions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation or meditation and daily contact with assessment | Self-reported drinking days | 3 months | SMD: -0.07 (-0.34, 0.49) | 0% | Yes | 2 | Very low |
Cue Exposure Therapy; OR Cue Exposure Therapy and Coping Skills Training [67] | Adult participants (≥ 18) diagnosed with sub-clinical or clinical AUD | Active target conditions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation or meditation and daily contact with assessment | Self-reported drinking days | 6 months | SMD: -0.21 (-0.48, 0.06) | 24% | Yes | 5 | Very low |
Cue Exposure Therapy; OR Cue Exposure Therapy and Coping Skills Training [67] | Adult participants (≥ 18) diagnosed with sub-clinical or clinical AUD | Active target conditions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation or meditation and daily contact with assessment | Drinks per day | 3 months | SMD: -0.07 (-0.48, 0.34) | 0% | Yes | 2 | Very low |
Cue Exposure Therapy; OR Cue Exposure Therapy and Coping Skills Training [67] | Adult participants (≥ 18) diagnosed with sub-clinical or clinical AUD | Active target conditions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation or meditation and daily contact with assessment | Drinks per day | 6 months | SMD: -0.16 (-0.52, 0.19) | 64% | Yes | 6 | Very low |
Cue Exposure Therapy; OR Cue Exposure Therapy and Coping Skills Training [67] | Adult participants (≥ 18) diagnosed with sub-clinical or clinical AUD | Active target conditions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation or meditation and daily contact with assessment | Days with heavy drinking | 6 months | SMD: -0.02 (-0.38, 0.41) | 37% | Yes | 2 | Very low |
Forming implementation intentions [66] | General population (no restrictions) | Passive and active control groups | Self-reported alcohol consumption | 2 weeks to 3 months | OR: 0.31 (0.21, 0.42) | 18% | No | 16 | Good |
Home visit [101] | Pregnant women with alcohol problem | Usual care | Continued alcohol use | NR | RR: 1.18 (0.96, 1.46) | 0% | NR | 3 | Low |
Home visit [103] | Alcohol dependence or AUD | Placebo | Continuous abstinence | 84–365 days | OR: 0.95 (0.32, 2.85) | NA | NR | 64 | Low |
Mentoring interventions [69] | Alcohol use; children or adolescents | No intervention or wait list | Alcohol use | 9–15 months | OR: 0.72 (0.58, 0.90) | 0% | NR | 2 | Low risk of bias |
Non-abstinent treatment strategies [62] | Alcohol dependent: adult | Abstinent-based treatment strategies | Controlled drinking goal | 6–42 month | OR: 1.32 (0.51–3.39) | 0% | No | 2 | High |
Combination | |||||||||
Psychotherapy + BI [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 1.82 (0.90, 3.71) | 67.3% | NR | 2 | NR |
Psychotherapy + BI [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 2.18 (0.84, 6.01) | 67.3% | NR | 0 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.20 (0.10, 0.40) | 67.3% | NR | 0 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Control | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.93 (0.44, 2.05) | 67.3% | NR | 0 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.30 (0.17, 0.54) | 67.3% | NR | 10 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.93 (0.51, 1.68) | 67.3% | NR | 3 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, during treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 0.37 (0.14, 0.90) | 67.3% | NR | 0 | NR |
CM + psychotherapy [107] | AUD | Psychotherapy + BI | Abstinent rate, after treatment | ≥ 12 weeks | OR: 2.04 (0.71, 6.05) | 67.3% | NR | 0 | NR |