Table 3 Bivariate Probit Regression of Avoiding Outpatient and Inpatient Healthcare Services

Female

0.183

p < 0.001*

0.115

0.250

Female

0.165

0.004*

0.051

0.279

Age ≥ 45

-0.038

0.257

-0.105

0.028

Age ≥ 45

0.028

0.608

-0.080

0.136

Urban

-0.012

0.732

-0.083

0.058

Urban

-0.015

0.783

-0.126

0.095

Married

0.054

0.110

-0.012

0.119

Married

0.067

0.229

-0.042

0.176

Education level

-0.044

0.266

-0.121

0.033

Education level

-0.083

0.249

-0.225

0.058

Income (reference: Less or equal to 750 TL)

Income (reference: Less or equal to 750 TL)

751 TL to 1300 TL

-0.189

p < 0.001*

-0.267

-0.110

751 TL to 1300 TL

-0.143

0.023*

-0.266

-0.020

1301 TL to 2300 TL

-0.243

p < 0.001*

-0.329

-0.157

1301 TL to 2300 TL

-0.211

0.004*

-0.352

-0.069

Greater than 2300 TL

-0.265

p < 0.001*

-0.370

-0.160

Greater than 2300 TL

-0.236

0.013*

-0.423

-0.049

Employed

0.206

p < 0.001*

0.134

0.278

Employed

0.086

0.172

-0.037

0.208

SSI

-0.350

p < 0.001*

-0.458

-0.243

SSI

-0.058

0.540

-0.244

0.128

Persons to trust ≥ 2

-0.166

p < 0.001*

-0.235

-0.096

Persons to trust ≥ 2

-0.109

0.049*

-0.217

0.000

Index 1

-0.463

p < 0.001*

-0.711

-0.215

Index 1

0.001

0.994

-0.360

0.363

Index 2

0.595

0.142

-0.199

1.390

Index 2

-4.594

p < 0.001*

-4.821

-4.367

BMI

-0.047

0.008*

-0.082

-0.012

BMI

-0.063

0.011*

-0.112

-0.015

Using non-prescription medications

0.445

p < 0.001*

0.364

0.525

Using non-prescription medications

0.291

p < 0.001*

0.166

0.416

Any-chronic

0.412

p < 0.001*

0.345

0.478

Any-chronic

0.562

p < 0.001*

0.443

0.680

Diabetes

-0.062

0.257

-0.170

0.045

Diabetes

-0.062

0.440

-0.218

0.095

Cancer

-0.178

0.297

-0.512

0.157

Cancer

0.086

0.712

-0.371

0.543

Constant

-0.816

p < 0.001*

-0.991

-0.641

Constant

-2.025

p < 0.001*

-2.300

-1.750