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Table 4 Multivariable model describing the factors associated with duration of sick leave in the 4 months during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, including subgroup of individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, n = 4920

From: Impact of pre-pandemic sick leave diagnoses on the length of COVID-19-related sick leave: a nationwide registry-based study

Factors

β [SE]

OR [95% CI]

p-value

Intercept of the multivariable model

3.50 [0.04]

33.1[30.5–36.0]

0.000

Diagnostic groups in the year before the COVID-19. Ref. No prior sick leave

 Mental, behavioural, and neurodevelopmental disorders

 − 0.00 [0.04]

0.99 [0.92–1.08]

0.978

 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

0.12 [0.04]

1.12 [1.04–1.21]

0.003

 Diseases of the respiratory system

0.21 [0.04]

1.24 [1.14–1.34]

 < 0.001

 All other isolated diagnoses

0.12 [0.03]

1.13 [1.06–1.20]

 < 0.001

 Multiple diagnoses

0.26 [0.05]

1.29 [1.17–1.44]

 < 0.001

Education. Ref. primary school (≤ 9 years)

 Secondary school (10–12 years)

 − 0.06 [0.03]

0.94 [0.89–0.99]

0.016

 Short university education (13–14 years)

0.003 [0.03]

1.003 [0.95–1.06]

0.921

 Long university education (≥ 15 years)

0.001 [0.03]

1.001 [0.95–1.06]

0.963

Civil status. Ref. married

 Single

0.04 [0.02]

1.04 [1.00–1.07]

0.035

 Divorced

0.02 [0.02]

1.01 [0.98–1.06]

0.452

 Widow/widower

0.18 [0.06]

1.19 [1.06–1.34]

0.003

Employment status. Ref. employed

 Self-employed

0.13 [0.06]

1.14 [1.01–1.29]

0.040

 Unemployed

 − 0.004 [0.09]

0.99 [0.84–1.19]

0.965

 Female sex

0.04 [0.02]

1.04 [1.01–1.07]

0.021

 Age, per gained year (range 18–76 years)

0.003 [0.000]

1.003 [1.002–1.005]

 < 0.001

 Sick leave ≥ 28 days in the year before the COVID-19

0.01 [0.03]

1.01 [0.95–1.08]

0.654

  1. Statistics: negative binomial regression, multivariable analysis. Bold text indicates statistically significant results at an alpha of 5%
  2. Abbreviations: COVID-19 coronavirus disease, β [SE], regression coefficient with standard error, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. Model metrics: The Akaike information criteria, 42,484; log-likelihood test: -21,1145; omnibus test, p 0.000