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Table 3 Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for depression, anxiety, and stress across tertiles of plant and animal proteins

From: Plant and animal protein intake and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian women

Variable

 

Plant protein

 

P trendb

 

Animal protein

 

P trendc

 

T1∞

≤ 25.1

(N = 170)

T2

25.2–33.1

(N = 171)

T3

≥ 33.2

(N = 148)

 

T1∞

≤ 32.1

(N = 165)

T2

32.2–42.8

(N = 170)

T3

≥ 42.9

(N = 154)

 

Depression

        

Crude

1.00

0.70 (0.42, 1.15)

0.87 (0.55, 1.37)

0.21

1.00

1.34 (0.84, 2.12)

1.82 (1.15, 2.90)

0.03

Model I a

1.00

0.60 (0.29, 1.05)

0.77 (0.43, 1.39)

0.10

1.00

1.44 (0.89, 2.32)

2.15 (1.27, 3.64)

0.01

Model II b

1.00

0.55 (0.32, 0.95)

1.14 (0.56, 2.25)

0.84

1.00

1.70 (1.01, 2.86)

2.63 (1.45, 4.71)

0.001

Anxiety

        

Crude

1.00

0.98 (0.63, 1.51)

1.26 (0.80, 1.97)

0.47

1.00

1.25 (0.80, 1.95)

1.70 (1.08, 2.67)

0.04

Model I a

1.00

0.90 (0.56, 1.43)

1.05 (0.59, 1.86)

0.78

1.00

1.53 (0.85, 1.64)

1.95 (1.28, 2.83)

0.02

Model II b

1.00

1.18 (0.70, 1.99)

1.91 (0.98, 3.72)

0.06

1.00

1.45 (0.88, 2.38)

1.83 (1.04, 3.22)

0.03

Psychological distress

        

Crude

1.00

0.72 (0.47, 1.12)

0.88 (0.56, 1.39)

0.34

1.00

1.25 (0.81, 1.92)

2.72 (1.71, 4.32)

< 0.001

Model I a

1.00

0.63 (0.39, 1.01)

0.66 (0.37, 1.18)

0.15

1.00

1.37 (0.87, 2.16)

3.02 (1.75, 5.21)

< 0.001

Model II b

1.00

0.79 (0.48, 1.32)

0.99 (0.52, 1.90)

0.94

1.00

1.49 (0.92, 2.40)

3.66 (2.06, 6.50)

< 0.001

  1. ∞ Lowest tertile considered as reference group
  2. a Adjusted for age, energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, marriage status, educational status, supplement use, drug use, and BMI.
  3. b Further adjusted for DII
  4. c Obtained from logistic regression