Table 2 Dietary intakes of study participants across the tertiles of Animal protein and Plant proteins

Nutrient items

Energy (kcal/d)

1712.12 ± 28.6

2087.37 ± 27.96

2502.57 ± 37.23

< 0.001

1810.44 ± 32.62

2078.39 ± 34.52

2393.97 ± 38.33

< 0.001

Protein (g/day)

73.81 ± 1.25

73.6 ± 1.09

80.47 ± 1.36

< 0.001

65.72 ± 1.01

75.04 ± 0.94

87.59 ± 1.06

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (g/day)

276.27 ± 2.63

290.45 ± 2.29

305.95 ± 2.85

< 0.001

304.52 ± 2.42

293.06 ± 2.25

272.75 ± 2.53

0.297

Fat (g/day)

82.04 ± 1.12

76.51 ± 0.98

69.62 ± 1.22

< 0.001

75.41 ± 1.11

75.56 ± 1.02

78.17 ± 1.15

0.02

Dietary fiber (g/d)

14.08 ± 0.40

16.33 ± 0.35

20.74 ± 0.44

< 0.001

17.82 ± 0.42

17.20 ± 0.39

16.66 ± 0.43

0.003

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

1105.50 ± 626.71

1306.20 ± 687.80

1765.62 ± 1054.74

< 0.001

1085.57 ± 624.70

1471.64 ± 1009.07

1579.93 ± 758.89

< 0.001

Thiamine (mg/day)

1.39 ± 0.10

1.54 ± 0.10

1.70 ± 0.02

< 0.001

1.56 ± 0.02

1.55 ± 0.01

1.49 ± 0.02

0.169

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

1.29 ± 0.03

1.35 ± 0.02

1.36 ± 0.03

0.24

1.34 ± 0.02

1.37 ± 0.02

1.28 ± 0.03

0.06

Vitamin B12 (µg/day)

5.14 ± 0.21

4.23 ± 0.18

4.27 ± 0.23

0.005

3.46 ± 0.19

4.66 ± 0.18

5.63 ± 0.20

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

125.53 ± 5.75

136.11 ± 5.02

165.97 ± 6.24

< 0.001

144.73 ± 5.57

148.35 ± 5.17

132.21 ± 5.82

0.11

Calcium (mg/day)

916.55 ± 325.56

1052.96 ± 316.36

1215.43 ± 365.12

< 0.001

780.37 ± 189.51

1052.42 ± 226.32

1351.18 ± 371.28

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

218.71 ± 57.37

264.06 ± 50.47

331.35 ± 81.30

< 0.001

225.88 ± 62.52

268.18 ± 64.70

315.02 ± 80.40

< 0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

2800.91 ± 850.20

3324.98 ± 698.24

4258.31 ± 1183.62

< 0.001

2857.95 ± 873.51

3440.40 ± 953.28

4015.49 ± 1131.88

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

7.35 ± 2.22

8.69 ± 1.93

11.45 ± 5.03

< 0.001

6.84 ± 1.76

8.88 ± 1.75

11.62 ± 4.91

< 0.001

Fe (mg/day)

14.92 ± 4.60

20.18 ± 5.29

32.63 ± 35.38

< 0.001

18.52 ± 10.16

21.84 ± 9.41

26.28 ± 21.14

0.004

Food items

Whole Grains (g/day)

378.52 ± 4.94

440.39 ± 8.32

495.08 ± 10.35

< 0.001

451.06 ± 9.47

436.98 ± 8.78

416.89 ± 9.88

0.426

Vegetables (g/day)

240.91 ± 15.38

330.40 ± 13.43

423.51 ± 16.69

< 0.001

309.98 ± 15.33

351.08 ± 14.21

324.30 ± 16.00

0.12

Fruit (g/day)

320.98 ± 18.66

309.81 ± 16.31

369.46 ± 20.27

0.07

375.97 ± 17.66

333.59 ± 16.37

287.03 ± 18.43

0.005

Legumes and nuts (g/day)

48.31 ± 3.51

63.87 ± 3.06

98.64 ± 3.81

0.07

70.50 ± 3.57

70.31 ± 3.31

66.42 ± 3.73

0.69

Dairy (g/day)

525.84 ± 18.68

509.40 ± 16.60

457.59 ± 20.26

0.06

356.36 ± 15.45

501.10 ± 14.33

654.53 ± 16.13

< 0.001

Meats (g/day)

108.78 ± 4.10

90.84 ± 3.58

88.69 ± 4.54

0.002

66.94 ± 3.42

99.94 ± 3.17

131.53 ± 3.57

< 0.001