Table 4 Frequency of physical activity and its relationship with retirement adjustment
From: Physical activity and psychological adjustment among retirees: a systematic review
Authors and Year | Relation studied | Relationship PA with RA | Frequency of physical activity | Gender differences in physical activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bailey & McLaren 2005 [7] | Physical activity & mental health (Depression) | - | The sample spent more time engaging in physical activity alone than they did with others | NR |
Bevil et al. 1994 [46] | Leisure activity & life satisfaction | + | Retirees were engaged in a wide range of leisure activities | No Difference |
Brien 1981 [50] | Leisure activities & life satisfaction | NRD | NR | Male |
Conde-Sala et al. 2017 [44] | Physical exercise & quality of life | + | 44.1% of the sample participated in physical exercise and 79.6% in individual or social leisure activities. | NR |
Earl et al. 2015 [14] | Leisure activities & Psychological wellbeing | Exercises with negative affect (+) social activities with positive affect (+) | Home entertainment was the leisure activity that retirees dedicated most time to (27.47 h/w), while vigorous exercises was engaged in rarely (1.84 h/w). | NR |
Fly et al. 1981 [54] | Leisure activity & Adjustment | + | NR | No Difference |
Fry & ghosh 1980 [39] | Recreation & life satisfaction | + (USA) NRD (India) | NR | NR |
Henning et al. 2021 [26] | Leisure activity & mental health (Depression) | - | Engagement in intellectual, social or physical leisure activities increased after retirement | NR |
Iwatsubo et al. 1996 [41] | Leisure activities & life satisfaction | + | NR | NR |
Krahe 2011[49] | Leisure participation & life satisfaction | NRD | The most frequently leisure activity in retirees was passive leisure activities such as watching TV or videos. | Passive leisure: male Social leisure: female Active leisure: no difference |
Kuvaja-Köllner et al. 2013 [8] | Physical exercise & quality of life | + | Retirement increased the time spent on moderate-to-heavy physical exercise by more than 1 h/w. (mean: 3.30 h/w) | Male |
Lee & Hung 2011 [20] | Physical exercise & well-being | + (frequency) - (intensity) | Retired older adults spent an average of 11.05 h/w in exercise, approximately 1 h and 34.7 m/d. | Stretching exercises: female Walking and hiking: male |
Morgan et al. 1991 [53] | Physical activity & psychological well-being | W | NR | Female |
Nimrod & Adoni 2006 [24] | Leisure activities & life satisfaction | + | NR | Female |
Nimrod & Shrira 2016 [45] | Leisure activities & quality of life | + | NR | NR |
Nimrod 2007 [23] | Leisure activities & life satisfaction | + | NR | NR |
Nimrod et al. 2008 [52] | Leisure participation & Subjective well-being | + (Israel) NRD (USA) | The frequency of types of leisure activities after retirement was further increased among Israeli sample than American sample. | Male |
Oakley & Pratt 1997 [47] | Leisure activity & life satisfaction | + | NR | NR |
Olds et al. 2018 [3] | Physical activity & mental health (depression, stress) | - | Increases in physical activity levels across retirement were modest, LPA (+ 14 m/d), MVPA (+ 4 m/d) | No Difference |
Potocnik & Sonnentag 2013 [42] | Participants in sport & quality of life | + | Participation in sports among retirees was 18.8%. | NR |
Rakhshani et al. 2014 [15] | Health-promoting Profile (Physical activity) & quality of life | + | Physical activity had the lowest score in the HPL subscales of the retired older adults. | Male |
Read et al. 2013 [40] | Leisure activity & quality of life | + | NR | NR |
Reddick & stewart 1994 [48] | Leisure activity participation & Life satisfaction | + | NR | The study was performed only on female |
Russell 1987 [51] | recreation activity & Life satisfaction | NRD | Retirees seldom participated in the recreation activities (such as sports) | NR |
Sener et al. 2007 [43] | Leisure activities & life satisfaction | + | Activities that Quite often done were: audiovisual and reading Activities that hardly ever done were: hobbies, sport and exercise. | The study was performed only on male |
Walsh et al. 2019 [9] | Sport participation – wellbeing | + | NR | NR |