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Table 6 Characteristics of IHEsa learning ≥50% in person with specific COVID-19 testing requirements versus those without

From: COVID-19 prevention at institutions of higher education, United States, 2020–2021: implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions

IHE Characteristics

Any COVID-19 Testing Requirements

Requires, n (%)b

Does not Require, n (%)b

p-value

Multivariable Analysisc

AOR

95% Confidence Limits

p-value

Lower

Upper

All IHEs offering ≥50% courses in person

138 (58)

89 (42)

     

Affiliation

 Public

83 (64)

46 (36)

0.143

0.62

0.30

1.29

0.197

 Private

55 (56)

43 (44)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

Enrollment sized

 Under 1000 students

11 (35)

16 (65)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 1000–4999 students

60 (60)

40 (40)

0.710

2.83

1.06

7.61

0.238

 5000–9999 students

26 (63)

14 (37)

0.951

4.02

1.02

15.89

0.931

 10,000–19,999 students

21 (73)

12 (27)

0.062

7.49

2.42

23.14

0.027

 20,000 students and above

19 (77)

7 (23)

0.037

10.35

2.73

39.22

0.012

United States Census Region

 Northeast

46 (77)

10 (23)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 Midwest

38 (48)

41 (52)

0.043

0.19

0.07

0.53

0.024

 South

36 (55)

30 (45)

0.414

0.25

0.08

0.75

0.253

 West

18 (59)

8 (41)

0.873

0.31

0.09

1.07

0.785

Degree of urbanicitye

 Rural

11 (81)

4 (19)

0.075

2.19

0.49

9.83

0.126

 Town

40 (58)

27 (42)

0.607

1.08

0.43

2.71

0.743

 Suburban

26 (45)

18 (55)

0.029

0.37

0.14

0.93

0.004

 Urban

61 (60)

40 (40)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

IHE Characteristics

Requires COVID-19 Testing Upon Arrival for the Semester

Requires, n (%)b

Does not Require, n (%)b

p-value

Multivariable Analysisc

AOR

95% Confidence Limits

p-value

Lower

Upper

All IHEs offering ≥50% courses in person

113 (47)

114 (53)

     

Affiliation

 Public

69 (53)

60 (47)

0.156

1.16

0.50

2.70

0.735

 Private

44 (45)

54 (55)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

Enrollment sized

 Under 1000 students

10 (31)

17 (68)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 1000–4999 students

54 (53)

47 (47)

0.140

2.49

0.90

6.92

0.345

 5000–9999 students

21 (47)

19 (53)

0.738

1.98

0.53

7.39

0.849

 10,000–19,999 students

14 (38)

19 (62)

0.470

1.30

0.26

6.51

0.484

 20,000 students and above

14 (53)

12 (47)

0.386

3.26

0.61

17.39

0.271

United States Census Region

 Northeast

43 (70)

13 (30)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 Midwest

29 (37)

50 (63)

0.063

0.26

0.10

0.64

0.094

 South

26 (39)

40 (61)

0.128

0.26

0.10

0.70

0.128

 West

15 (49)

11 (51)

0.961

0.40

0.13

1.27

0.979

Degree of urbanicitye

 Rural

10 (78)

5 (22)

0.030

3.09

0.75

12.69

0.111

 Town

35 (52)

32 (48)

0.649

1.41

0.60

3.32

0.979

 Suburban

26 (45)

18 (55)

0.201

0.87

0.35

2.13

0.131

 Urban

42 (42)

59 (59)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

IHE Characteristics

Requires Surveillance Testing for COVID-19

Requires, n (%)b

Does not Require, n (%)b

p-value

Multivariable Analysisc

AOR

95% Confidence Limits

p-value

Lower

Upper

All IHEs offering ≥50% courses in person

80 (33)

147 (67)

     

Affiliation

 Public

49 (38)

80 (62)

0.213

0.42

0.20

0.87

0.020

 Private

31 (31)

67 (69)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

Enrollment sized

 Under 1000 students

4 (10)

23 (90)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 1000–4999 students

31 (31)

70 (69)

0.214

5.14

1.23

21.43

0.025

 5000–9999 students

17 (46)

23 (54)

0.358

15.10

2.78

81.88

0.369

 10,000–19,999 students

14 (57)

19 (43)

0.014

34.80

7.39

163.89

0.001

 20,000 students and above

14 (60)

12 (40)

0.002

46.46

8.07

267.42

0.001

United States Census Region

 Northeast

36 (57)

10 (43)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

 Midwest

15 (16)

64 (84)

0.001

0.11

0.04

0.31

0.001

 South

20 (35)

46 (65)

0.913

0.32

0.11

0.92

0.924

 West

9 (34)

17 (66)

0.968

0.35

0.10

1.19

0.903

Degree of urbanicitye

 Rural

7 (53)

8 (47)

0.121

3.20

0.92

11.11

0.035

 Town

19 (22)

48 (78)

0.016

0.73

0.30

1.77

0.046

 Suburban

21 (41)

23 (59)

0.524

1.28

0.46

3.56

0.937

 Urban

33 (32)

68 (68)

–

1 (Referent)

–

–

–

  1. a IHEs, institutions of higher education
  2. b The universe of 1181 private IHEs was stratified by enrollment size. Based on sample size calculations using a 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error, 26% of eligible private IHEs were randomly selected within each stratum (< 1000: 97 of 398 private IHEs, 1000 – 4999: 161 of 625 private IHEs, 5000 – 9999: 24 of 93 private IHEs, 10,000 – 19,999: 12 of 47 private IHEs, and ≥ 20,000: 6 of 18 private IHEs). Weights represent the inverse of the sampling fractions. n (%) represents the unweighted number (n) and the weighted percent of the universe of 547 public and 1181 private IHEs
  3. c Multivariable logistic regression analysis of IHE characteristics with specific COVID-19 testing requirements as the dependent variable (0 = Does not require testing, 1 = Requires testing)
  4. d Enrollment size based on total students enrolled for credit as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
  5. e Level of urbanization based on urban boundaries by Census GEO as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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