COVID-19 prevention at institutions of higher education, United States, 2020–2021: implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions

Table 5 IHE^a characteristics associated with compliance^b with CDC Guidance^c among IHEs offering primarily in-person learning

IHE Characteristics	Number of IHEs (Unweighted n)	Weighted^d mean score for compliance^b with CDC guidance^c	95% Confidence Limits		p-value	Multivariable Analysis^e
			Lower	Upper		Parameter Estimate Beta	95% Confidence Limits		p-value
			Lower	Upper		Parameter Estimate Beta	Lower	Upper	p-value
All IHEs offering ≥50% courses in person	227	5.75	5.57	5.93
Affiliation
Public	129	6.10	5.97	6.23	0.001	0.23	−0.15	0.60	0.234
Private	98	5.64	5.40	5.87	–	0 (Referent)	–	–	–
Enrollment size^f
Under 1000 students	27	5.19	4.65	5.73	–	0 (Referent)	–	–	–
1000–4999 students	101	5.82	5.58	6.07	0.032	0.56	0.01	1.11	0.048
5000–9999 students	40	5.95	5.50	6.39	0.031	0.65	−0.10	1.39	0.087
10,000–19,999 students	33	6.18	5.80	6.55	0.002	0.84	0.21	1.47	0.009
Over 20,000 students	26	5.97	5.30	6.64	0.064	0.71	−0.14	1.56	0.102
United States Census Region
Northeast	56	6.17	5.83	6.51	–	0 (Referent)	–	–	–
Midwest	79	5.62	5.35	5.89	0.012	−0.57	−0.98	−0.16	0.006
South	66	5.77	5.35	6.20	0.124	−0.48	−0.99	0.04	0.072
West	26	5.19	4.54	5.84	0.007	−1.07	−1.75	−0.39	0.002
Degree of urbanicity^g
Rural	15	6.15	5.57	6.73	0.170	0.16	−0.47	0.80	0.615
Town	67	5.88	5.55	6.21	0.511	0.05	−0.37	0.47	0.799
Suburban	44	5.53	5.14	5.92	0.412	−0.35	−0.81	0.10	0.129
Urban	101	5.74	5.45	6.02	–	0 (Referent)	–	–	–

^a IHEs, institutions of higher education
^b Compliance with CDC guidance represented by the summating number of NPIs implemented, as derived from CDC guidance, by the IHE into a score from 0 to a maximum of 7
^c October 29, 2020 update of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance for IHEs
^d The universe of 1181 private IHEs was stratified by enrollment size. Based on sample size calculations using a 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error, 26% of eligible private IHEs were randomly selected within each stratum (< 1000: 97 of 398 private IHEs, 1000 – 4999: 161 of 625 private IHEs, 5000 – 9999: 24 of 93 private IHEs, 10,000 – 19,999: 12 of 47 private IHEs, and ≥ 20,000: 6 of 18 private IHEs). Weights represent the inverse of the sampling fractions
^e Multivariable linear regression analysis of IHE characteristics with compliance with CDC Guidance as to the dependent variable, represented by the summating number of NPIs implemented by the IHE into a score of 0–7. Parameter estimate beta represents the predicted change in compliance score compared to that of the reference group holding all other characteristics constant
^f Enrollment size based on total students enrolled for credit as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
^g Level of urbanization based on urban boundaries by Census GEO as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

ISSN: 1471-2458