COVID-19 prevention at institutions of higher education, United States, 2020–2021: implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions

Table 4 Characteristics of IHEs^a offering primarily in-person learning^b versus primarily distance learning

IHE Characteristics	Learns ≥ 50% in person, n (%)^c	Learns < 50% in person, n (%)^c	p-value	Multivariable Analysis^d
				AOR^a	95% Confidence Limits		p-value
				AOR^a	Lower	Upper	p-value
All IHEs where primary learning method^b was identified	227 (62)	166 (38)
Affiliation
Public	129 (52)	118 (48)	< 0.0001	0.66	0.41	1.06	0.088
Private	98 (67)	48 (33)	–	1 (Referent)	–	–	–
Enrollment size^e
Under 1000 students	27 (58)	21 (42)	–	1 (Referent)	–	–	–
1000–4999 students	101 (73)	37 (27)	< 0.0001	2.08	1.02	4.25	0.020
5000–9999 students	40 (61)	32 (39)	0.328	1.52	0.66	3.50	0.450
10,000–19,999 students	33 (47)	35 (53)	0.059	0.88	0.38	2.04	0.077
20,000 students and above	26 (42)	41 (58)	< 0.0001	1.30	0.59	2.87	0.994
United States Census Region
Northeast	56 (58)	52 (42)	–	1 (Referent)	–	–	–
Midwest	79 (91)	11 (9)	< 0.0001	7.61	3.47	16.70	< 0.0001
South	66 (58)	41 (42)	0.178	1.05	0.58	1.89	0.176
West	26 (33)	62 (67)	< 0.0001	0.43	0.23	0.81	< 0.0001
Degree of urbanicity^f
Rural	15 (60)	8 (40)	0.499	0.99	0.35	2.784	0.382
Town	67 (81)	18 (19)	0.0003	2.88	1.45	5.74	0.006
Suburban	44 (59)	44 (41)	0.161	1.27	0.72	2.238	0.720
Urban	101 (58)	96 (42)	–	1 (Referent)	–	–	–

^a IHEs, institutions of high education; AOR, adjusted odds ratio
^b 227 IHEs offer courses ≥50% in person. 166 IHEs offer courses < 50% in person. Primary learning method not found for 454 IHEs
^c The universe of 1181 private IHEs was stratified by enrollment size. Based on sample size calculations using a 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error, 26% of eligible private IHEs were randomly selected within each stratum (< 1000: 97 of 398 private IHEs, 1000 – 4999: 161 of 625 private IHEs, 5000 – 9999: 24 of 93 private IHEs, 10,000 – 19,999: 12 of 47 private IHEs, and ≥ 20,000: 6 of 18 private IHEs). Weights represent the inverse of the sampling fractions. n (%) represents the unweighted number (n) and the weighted percent of the universe of 547 public and 1181 private IHEs
^d Multivariable logistic regression analysis of IHE characteristics with primary form of course delivery as the dependent variable (0 = Learns < 50% in person, 1 = Learns ≥50% in person)
^e Enrollment size based on total students enrolled for credit as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System
^f Level of urbanization based on urban boundaries by Census GEO as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

ISSN: 1471-2458