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Table 2 Model framework for each wave modeled

From: Spatial associations of long-term exposure to diesel particulate matter with seasonal and annual mortality due to COVID-19 in the contiguous United States

Wave Dates

Models

Mortality Rate

 Jan 1-May 31, 2020

COVID-19 deaths ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction Black + Fraction American Indian + Fraction who take public transportation to work + Fraction uninsured + Fraction smoking + Fraction income inequality + Population density (2)

 Jun 1-Sep 30, 2020

COVID-19 deaths ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction Black + Fraction Hispanic + Fraction who take public transportation to work + Fraction who drive to work + Fraction reporting inactivity + Fraction incomplete school + Population density (3)

 Oct 1-Dec 31, 2020

COVID-19 deaths ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction Black + Fraction American Indian + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction smoking + Fraction obese + Fraction over 65 + Fraction experiencing housing problems (4)

 Jan 1-Dec 31, 2020

COVID-19 deaths ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction Black + Fraction Hispanic + Fraction American Indian + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction reporting inactivity + Fraction income inequality + Fraction experiencing housing problems (5)

Case Fatality Rate

 Jan 1-May 31, 2020

Case Fatality Rate ~ log(DPM concentration) + Unemployment + Income inequality + Severe housing burden + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction working in construction + Fraction incomplete school + Fraction Pacific Islander

 Jun 1-Sep 30, 2020

Case Fatality Rate ~ log(DPM concentration) + Unemployment + Fraction income inequality + Fraction who take public transportation to work + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction of time spent commuting to work + Fraction Hispanic + Fraction Pacific Islander

 Oct 1-Dec 31, 2020

Case Fatality Ratio ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction uninsured + Unemployment + Fraction reporting inactivity + Fraction who take public transportation to work + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction of time spent commuting to work + Fraction Pacific Islander

 Jan 1-Dec 31, 2020

Case Fatality Rate ~ log(DPM concentration) + Fraction uninsured + Fraction reporting inactivity + Unemployment + Fraction income inequality + Fraction who take public transportation to work + Fraction working in a mining or agricultural occupation + Fraction Pacific Islander

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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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