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Table 4 Perceived negative health indicators by energy drink consumption: adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and corresponding relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)d

From: Associations between adolescents’ energy drink consumption frequency and several negative health indicators

  

Low self-rated healtha

Multiple health complaintsb

Feelings of insufficient sleepa

Energy drinks

 No consumption

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Infrequent consumption

aOR 95% CI

P-value

1.20 [0.85–1.71]

0.299

1.15 [0.88–1.49]

0.306

0.97 [0.68–1.37]

0.846

 

RR 95% CI

1.12 [0.87–1.55]

1.10 [0.91–1.29]

0.97 [0.70–1.32]

 Frequent consumption

aOR 95% CI

P-value

1.61 [1.18–2.21]

0.003

1.52 [1.11–2.09]

0.010

1.67 [1.12–2.48]

0.011

 

RR 95% CI

1.48 [1.15–1.87]

1.31 [1.07–1.56]

1.56 [1.11–2.15]

 Infrequent vs. Frequentc

P-value 

0.251

0.166

0.010

  1. Interaction was found in the models for low self-rated health and multiple health complaints, adjusted effect presented. The interaction effect presented in the Additional file 4: Table S8
  2. aModels were adjusted for age, gender, family affluence, short sleep, low physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and multiple health complaints
  3. bModel was adjusted for age, gender, family affluence, short sleep, low physical activity, current smoking, and alcohol consumption
  4. cTested with pairwise multiple comparisons
  5. dRelative risks and their confidence intervals were derived from adjusted odds ratios