Table 5 Association between knowledge, attitude, and practice scores toward T1DM and school teachers’ socio-demographics and health data stratified by gender
Characteristics | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitude | Practices | Knowledge | Attitude | Practices | |
Age | ||||||
 20–24 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 4 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.6 |
 25–34 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 2.6 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.8 |
 35–44 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 2 |
 54–54 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 2.0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 2.1 |
 55–62 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 2.4 |
 P value | 0.05 | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.002 | 0.09 |
Marital status | ||||||
 Single | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 3 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.4 |
 Married | 4.4 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 |
 Divorced | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 3.2 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1 | 4.1 ± 2 |
 Widow | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 1.3 |
 P value | 0.05 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.60 | 0.73 | 0.28 |
Education level | ||||||
 Diploma | 4 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 2.2 |
 Bachelor | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 2.3 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 2.1 |
 Postgraduate | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.8 |
 P value | 0.48 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.88 |
School stage | ||||||
 Primary | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 2 |
 Secondary | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1 | 4.7 ± 2.1 |
 High | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2.1 |
 P value | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.35 |
Experience years | ||||||
 1–5 | 3.7 ± 2 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.4 |
 6–10 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 2.1 |
 11–15 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 1 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.9 |
 16–20 | 3.2 ± 2 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 2 |
 Above 20 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 2.1 |
 P value | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.004 |
Health condition | ||||||
 Healthy | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 2.1 |
 Diabetes | 5.3 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 1.8 |
 Heart disease | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 3 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 2 ± 0 | 5.6 ± 2.8 |
 Hypertension | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 4 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 2.3 |
 High cholesterol | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 1.9 |
 P value | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.006 | < 0.001 | 0.22 |
Smoking cigarette | ||||||
 Smoker | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 2.4 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3 ± 1.4 |
 Past smoker | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 2.4 |  |  |  |
 Non-smoker | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 2.1 |
 P value | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 0.51 | 0.13 |
Smoking Shisha | ||||||
 Regular smoker | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 2.2 |
 Never | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 2 |
 Rarely smoker | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 2.4 |
 P value | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
Moderate physical activity | ||||||
 Never | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 5 ± 2.7 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.7 |
 Rarely | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1 | 4.6 ± 2.1 |
 1–2 per week | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 2 |
 3–4 per week | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 2.1 |
 More than 5 per week | 4 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 5.1 ± 2.2 | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 2.8 |
 P value | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.76 | 0.32 | 0.38 |
Sever activity | ||||||
 Never | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 3.8 ± 1 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 1 | 4.3 ± 2.1 |
 Rarely | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 |
 1–2 per week | 4.4 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 2.1 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 2.2 |
 3–4 per week | 4 ± 2.1 | 3 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 2.7 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 1.7 |
 More than 5 per week | 3.4 ± 2.5 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
 P value | 0.72 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.93 |