Table 2 Systematic reviews with meta-analysis: Maternal Mental Health

Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pregnant women:

Pooled prevalence:

Anxiety: 37% (95% [CI] 25–49%)

Depressive symptoms: 31% (95% CI 20–42%),

Psychological distress: 70% (95% CI 60–79%)

Insomnia: 49% (95% CI 46–52%)

Pooled relative risk:

Anxiety: 1.65 (95% CI: 1.25–2.19)

Depressive symptoms: 1.08 (95% CI: 0.80–1.46)

Postpartum women:

Pooled prevalence:

Depressive symptoms: 22% (95% CI 15–29%)

(Shorey et al., 2021) [181]

Anxiety and depressive symptoms of women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Antenatal:

Pooled prevalence:

Anxiety: 40% (95% (CI): 0.27–0.52)

Depressive symptoms: 27% (95% CI: 0.20–0.33)

Postnatal:

Pooled prevalence:

Depressive symptoms: 17% (95% CI: 0.10–0.24)

On subgroup analysis based on geographical regions, only data from upper middle- and high-income countries in Asia, Europe and North America were available. Prevalence data from lower income countries and those in the Africa or South America continent were unavailable

(Fan et al., 2021 [59])

Psychological effects caused by COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Pregnant women:

Pooled prevalence:

Anxiety: 42% (95%CI: 26%–57%)

Depression: 25% (95%CI 20%–31%)

(Hessami et al., 2020) [81]

COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pregnant and postpartum women:

Polled scale scores differences during/pre pandemic:

EPDS: 0.40 (95% CI: − 0.05 − 0.86, p = .083)

STAI: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.49 − 1.16, p < .001)

(Chmielewska et al., 2021)  [32]

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Postpartum women:

Polled scale scores difference during/pre pandemic:

EPDS: 0·42 (95% CI 0·02–0·81)