Table 1 Characteristics of seekers, non-seekers, and the total sample in comparison to the German population

Gender

χ2 = 12.382, V = .09

1

 < .001

 Male

48.9%

45.5%

37.8%

48.1%

 Female

51.1%

54.5%

62.2%

51.9%

Age Group

χ2 = 3.936, V = .051

3

.268

 18–25 years

10.4

11.4%

12.0%

11.2%

 26–45 years

29.9

32.5%

35.5%

31.5%

 46–60 years

27.3

28.0%

28.1%

28.0%

  > 60 years

32.4

28.1%

24.5%

29.3%

∅ Age (in years) (SD)

-

48.6 (17.3)

47.2 (16.9)

49.1 (17.5)

F = 3.308

1

.069

Education

χ2 = 51.100, V = .184

2

 < .001

 Low (no or only 8/9 years of schooling)

34.5%

30.1%

32.4%

23.7%

 Intermediate (10 years of schooling)

30.7

41.5%

44.2%

33.9%

 High (12/13 years of schooling)

34.8

28.3%

23.5%

42.3%

Relational status

χ2 = 1.346, V = .03

1

.246

 Single/Divorced/Widowed

48%

43.7%

46.3%

42.9%

 Married/in partnership

52%

56.3%

53.7%

57.1%

Migration background

χ2 = 4.915, V = .057

4

.296

 No migration background

72.8%

81.7%

80.3%

82.1%

 Grandparents immigrated to GER

-

3.3%

4.1%

3.0%

 One parent immigrated to GER

-

3.8%

5.4%

3.3%

 Both parents immigrated to GER

-

3.8%

3.6%

3.8%

 Respondent him-/herself immigrated to GER

-

7.4%

6.6%

7.7%

Proximity

 Self-affected by a mental illness

-

21.0%

50.5%

10.6%

χ2 = 280.201, V = .429

1

 < .001

 Person in close environment affected

-

29.4%

61.2%

18.3%

χ2 = 258.284, V = .412

1

 < .001

 Professional contact with affected persons

-

7.0%

20.4%

2.4%

χ2 = 144.574, V = .308

1

 < .001

 ∅ Social distance (SD)

-

2.84 (0.91)

2.51 (0.79)

2.96 (0.92)

F = 73.580

1

 < .001