Table 2 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of BSE amongst Namibia women

Explanatory variables

 Age

  15–19

1

1

  20–24

0.81

2.23 [1.85, 2.71]

 ≤ 0.001

0.31

1.35 [1.06, 1.72]

0.013

  25–29

1.12

3.05 [2.49, 3.75]

 ≤ 0.001

0.56

1.75 [1.33, 2.32]

 ≤ 0.001

  30–34

1.31

3.72 [3.05, 4.55]

 ≤ 0.001

0.76

2.13 [1.57, 2.88]

 ≤ 0.001

  35–39

1.45

4.28 [3.44, 5.32]

 ≤ 0.001

0.97

2.63 [1.88, 3.68]

 ≤ 0.001

  40–44

1.48

4.40 [3.51, 5.51]

 ≤ 0.001

0.93

2.53 [1.74, 3.68]

 ≤ 0.001

  45–49

1.53

4.62 [3.66, 5.84]

 ≤ 0.001

1.05

2.85 [1.97, 4.11]

 ≤ 0.001

 Educational level

  No education

1

1

  Primary

0.23

1.26 [0.94, 1.69]

0.129

0.60

1.83 [1.34, 2.49]

 ≤ 0.001

  Secondary

0.78

2.18 [1.65, 2.89]

 ≤ 0.001

0.89

2.44 [1.78, 3.35]

 ≤ 0.001

  Higher

1.64

5.14 [3.59, 7.36]

 ≤ 0.001

1.22

3.39 [2.24, 5.14]

 ≤ 0.001

 Marital Status

  Never in union

1

1

  Married

0.87

2.38 [2.03, 2.80]

 ≤ 0.001

0.72

1.07 [0.87, 1.32]

0.497

  Living with partner

0.27

1.31 [1.13, 1.53]

 ≤ 0.001

0.06

1.06 [0.89, 1.28]

0.501

  Widowed/divorced/separated

0.45

1.57 [1.12, 2.21]

 ≤ 0.01

0.13

1.14 [0.75, 1.75]

0.542

  Divorced

1.02

2.78 [1.61, 4.78]

 ≤ 0.001

0.12

1.13 [0.64, 2.02]

0.673

  Separated

0.63

1.88 [1.47, 2.40]

 ≤ 0.001

0.31

1.36 [1.03, 1.80]

0.029

 Religion

  Roman Catholic

-0.32

0.72 [0.62, 0.84]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.18

0.84 [0.71, 0.98]

0.031

  Protestant

-0.1

0.99 [0.84, 1.16]

0.891

-0.05

0.95 [0.79, 1.13]

0.562

  Elcin

1

1

  Seventh-day Adventist

-0.80

0.92 [0.67, 1.26]

0.617

-0.03

0.97 [0.69, 1.36]

0.861

  No religion

0.22

1.24 [0.58, 2.65]

0.573

0.31

1.36 [0.68, 2.75]

0.384

  Other

0.44

1.55 [1.21, 1.98]

 ≤ 0.001

0.11

1.12 [0.89, 1.41]

0.332

 Health Insurance coverage

  No

1

1

  Yes

1.14

3.13 [2.67, 3.68]

 ≤ 0.001

0.47

1.59 [1.34, 1.89]

 ≤ 0.001

 Employment

  No

1

1

  Yes

0.81

2.24 [1.99, 2.53]

 ≤ 0.001

0.03

1.02 [0.89, 1.19]

0.709

 Mobility in the last 12 months

  No

1

1

  One trip

0.38

1.46 [1.26, 1.70]

 ≤ 0.001

0.20

1.22 [1.03, 1.43]

0.019

  Two trips and above

0.70

2.01 [1.72, 2.33]

 ≤ 0.001

0.22

1.25 [1.09, 1.43]

 ≤ 0.001

 Early sexual debut

  No intercourse

1

1

  Less than 15

0.81

2.25 [1.67, 3.03]

 ≤ 0.001

0.54

1.71 [1.18, 2.47]

 ≤ 0.01

  15–17

1.04

2.82 [2.28, 3.48]

 ≤ 0.001

0.49

1.64 [1.23, 2.18]

 ≤ 0.001

  18 and above

1.36

3.90 [3.17, 4.80]

 ≤ 0.001

0.42

1.52 [1.13, 2.04]

 ≤ 0.01

 Parity

  None

1

1

  One child

0.71

2.03 [1.71, 2.40]

 ≤ 0.001

0.42

1.51 [1.23, 1.87]

 ≤ 0.001

  Two children

0.74

2.10 [1.76, 2.50]

 ≤ 0.001

0.24

1.28 [0.99, 1.65]

0.063

  Three children

0.97

2.64 [2.18, 3.21]

 ≤ 0.001

0.38

1.46 [1.08, 1.98]

0.013

  Four and above

0.61

1.84 [1.55, 2.19]

 ≤ 0.001

0.31

1.36 [1.02, 1.83]

0.039

 Sex of the household head

  Male Household

1

1

  Female Household

-0.16

0.86 [0.76, 0.96]

0.011

-0.01

1.00 [0.87, 1.14]

0.971

 Contraceptive use

  No method

1

1

  Non-modern method

0.64

1.90 [0.93, 3.85]

0.076

0.39

1.48 [0.59, 3.66]

0.400

  Modern method

0.42

1.59 [1.42, 1.78]

 ≤ 0.001

0.02

1.02 [0.89, 1.17]

0.776

 Medical self-autonomy

  Not a big problem

1

1

  Big Problem

-0.21

0.81 [0.61, 1.09]

0.160

0.07

1.08 [0.82, 1.41]

0.585

 Distance to health facility

  Not a big problem

1

1

  Big Problem

-0.50

0.61 [0.52, 0.70]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.03

0.97 [0.84, 1.12]

0.677

 Household wealth index

  Poorest

1

1

  Poorer

0.51

1.66 [1.33, 2.07]

 ≤ 0.001

0.15

1.16 [0.91, 1.47]

0.224

  Middle

0.79

2.20 [1.75, 2.76]

 ≤ 0.001

0.22

1.24 [0.96, 1.61]

0.098

  Richer

1.03

2.81 [2.23, 3.54]

 ≤ 0.001

0.19

1.21 [0.91, 1.60]

0.182

  Richest

1.65

5.21 [4.16, 6.52]

 ≤ 0.001

0.53

1.69 [1.23, 2.33]

 ≤ 0.001

 Reading of newspaper

  Not at all

1

1

  Less than once a week

0.32

1.38 [1.19, 1.60]

 ≤ 0.001

0.03

1.03 [0.87, 1.22]

0.691

  At least once a week

0.88

2.40 [2.04, 2.82]

 ≤ 0.001

0.13

1.14 [0.93, 1.39]

0.207

 Listening to radio

  Not at all

1

1

  Less than once a week

0.11

1.12 [0.91, 1.36]

0.286

0.08

1.08 [0.85, 1.37]

0.509

  At least once a week

0.33

1.38 [1.17, 1.63]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.07

0.93 [0.77, 1.12]

0.459

 Watching of television

  Not at all

1

1

  Less than once a week

0.39

1.48 [1.24, 1.76]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.11

0.90 [0.74, 1.09]

0.274

  At least once a week

0.81

2.25 [1.96, 2.59]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.02

0.98 [0.82, 1.19]

0.838

 Place of residence

  Urban

1

1

  Rural

-0.89

0.41 [0.36, 0.47]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.07

0.93 [0.77, 1.13]

0.465

 Region of residence

  Caprivi

-0.66

0.52 [0.36, 0.74]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.27

0.76 [0.51, 1.15]

0.193

  Erongo

0.41

1.51 [1.11, 2.05]

 ≤ 0.01

0.50

1.66 [1.18, 2.32]

 ≤ 0.01

  Hardap

-0.22

0.80 [0.63, 1.01]

0.064

-0.04

0.96 [0.77, 1.20]

0.727

  Karas

0.18

1.19 [0.93, 1.53]

0.162

0.36

1.43 [1.13, 1.82]

 ≤ 0.01

  Kavango

-1.82

0.16 [0.12, 0.22]

 ≤ 0.001

-1.29

0.28 [0.21, 0.37]

 ≤ 0.001

  Khomas

1

1

  Kunene

-0.16

0.86 [0.60, 1.23]

0.396

0.27

1.31 [0.86, 2.0]

0.204

  Ohangwena

-1.41

0.24 [0.17, 0.35]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.82

0.44 [0.31, 0.63]

 ≤ 0.001

  Omaheke

0.12

1.13 [0.83, 1.54]

0.446

0.57

1.77 [1.29, 2.42]

 ≤ 0.001

  Omusati

-1.20

0.3 [0.22, 0.41]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.67

0.51 [0.36, 0.73]

 ≤ 0.001

  Oshana

-0.83

0.43 [0.33, 0.56]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.54

0.58 [0.46, 0.74]

 ≤ 0.001

  Oshikoto

-0.77

0.46 [0.35, 0.61]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.36

0.70 [0.61, 1.04]

 ≤ 0.01

  Otjozondjupa

-0.47

0.63 [0.48, 0.82]

 ≤ 0.001

-0.23

0.79 [0.61, 0.07]

0.091