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Table 2 Adjusted odd ratios (AORs) of factors associated with information sources used by participants in sub-Saharan Africa during the pandemic

From: The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa

Variables

Radio

Television

Newspaper

Social media

HCW

Family/Friends

Demography

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

AORs [95% CI]

Sex

 Males

Reference

Reference

Reference

  

Reference

 Females

0.72 [0.81, 0.84]

0.81 [0.68, 0.98]

0.73 [0.62, 0.86]

–

–

1.23 [1.05, 1.45]

SSA region of origin

 West Africa

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 East Africa

0.53 [0.37, 0.78]

0.74 [0.50, 1.10]

0.88 [0.60, 1.29]

1.18[0.76, 1.83]

0.56 [0.38, 0.82]

0.66 [0.45, 0.97]

 Central Africa

1.16 [0.90, 1.50]

1.69 [1.24, 2.29]

1.20 [0.93, 1.54]

0.92[0.70, 1.22]

1.37 [1.07, 1.77]

1.12 [0.87, 1.44]

 Southern Africa

1.49 [1.22, 1.81]

1.44 [1.14, 1.81]

1.11 [0.91, 1.36]

0.89 [0.72, 1.11]

0.89 [0.73, 1.08]

1.03 [0.84, 1.27]

Highest level of education

 Postgraduate degree

 

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Bachelor’s degree

 

0.71 [0.57, 0.88]

0.97 [0.81, 1.17]

0.95 [0.77, 1.17]

1.20 [1.00, 1.45]

1.01 [0.84, 1.21]

 Secondary

 

0.53 [0.40, 0.70]

0.73 [0.55, 0.96]

0.82 [0.62, 1.08]

0.86 [0.67, 1.11]

0.96 [0.74, 1.24]

 Primary or less

 

0.34 [0.19, 0.61]

0.96 [0.54, 1.69]

0.36 [0.20, 0.62]

0.83 [0.47, 1.46]

0.44 [0.25, 0.80]

Employment status

 Employed/self employed

Reference

 

Reference

   

 Unemployed/retired

0.72 [0.60, 0.88]

 

0.72 [0.59, 0.89]

   

Religion

 Christianity

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

  

 Others

0.57 [0.44, 0.74]

0.45 [0.34, 0.59]

 

0.74 [0.56, 0.97]

 

0.65 [0.50, 0.85]

Occupation

 Non-healthcare sector

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

Reference

 Healthcare sector

0.82 [0.69, 0.99]

 

0.71 [0.59, 0.86]

 

1.81 [1.51, 2.17]

0.58 [0.48, 0.69]

Smoking status

 Ex-smoker

     

Reference

 Current smoker

     

1.97 [1.26, 3.10]

 Non-smoker

     

1.35 [0.96, 1.89]

  1. Confidence intervals (CI) that does not include 1.00 are significant variables
  2. Postgraduate degree includes Masters /PhD
  3. HCW Healthcare workers