Table 7 Final multilevel mixed effect generalized binomial linear modelling with a random effect of location (villages) to understand the factors affecting perceived threat of VCAs on zoonotic diseases transmission
Variables | Perceived threat of risk animal (Odds ratio) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Zoonosis from cattle | Zoonosis from small ruminant | Zoonosis from poultry | ||
Modifying factors | ||||
 Age (Ref: ≤46 y.o Vs > 46 y.o) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | |
 Gender (Ref: Female Vs Male) | 1.5* (1.0–2.3) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 1.5* (1.1–2.2) | |
Experience of rearing/trading: (Ref: ≤5 years) | Cattle (> 5 years) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
Sheep (> 5 years) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | |
Goat (> 5 years) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | |
Poultry (> 5 years) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | |
Trading connectivity (Ref: K-core 2–3) | K-core 1 | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 3.1 (0.8–11.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) |
K-core 0 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 2.9 (0.6–14.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | |
Type of VCAs (Ref: F1) | F2 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.3** (0.1–0.7) | 0.5** (0.3–0.7) |
T1 | 4.3* (1.2–15.5) | 2.0 (0.3–13.4) | 0.5 (0.1–1.6) | |
T2 | 5.6** (1.9–16.7) | 1.0 (0.2–1.9) | 0.1** (0.03–0.4) | |
Cue to action (Ref: None) | Other farmers | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 2.2* (1.1–4.5) | 2.0* (1.1–3.6) |
Media | 0.6 (0.1–2.6) | 0.8 (0.1–6.8) | 5.4** (1.4–20.5) | |
Local authorities | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 1.3 (0.5–2.9) | 2.5** (1.4–4.4) | |
Other supply chain actors | 1.0 | 10.7 (0.4–282.9) | 5.4 (0.2–143.6) | |
Overall p-value of the model | Â | 0.0004 | 0.0019 | 0.0000 |
Intercepts | Â | 0.17 | 0.03 | 1.49 |
Likelihood ratio | Â | 0.19 | 0.01 | 17.45 |