Fig. 4

Association between social determinants of health and pediatric asthma exacerbation-related emergency department visits. The x-axis represents the median effect estimates and 2.5–97.5% credible interval; the y-axis represents 10 SDoH metrics. The effect estimates and confidence intervals were generated from the spatial autocorrelation model. The effect estimates with credible intervals that do not intersect 1 (dashed line) were considered significant and are represented using black color and non-significant associations using grey. The effect estimates corresponding to the male population were represented using circles and triangles for females