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Table 2 Summary characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of menstrual hygiene practice in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2022

From: Menstrual hygiene practice and associated factors among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/s/year/(ref)

Study area

Country

Study design

Sample size

Response rate (%)

Prevalence (%)

Study subjects

Factors associated with menstrual hygiene practice

Azage, et al. 2018 [32]

Schools in Bahir dar city

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

1006

99.6

24.4

15–19 years adolescent girls

Being older, attending formal education, educational status of participants’ mother

Bulto. 2021 [33]

Preparatory and high schools in Holeta Town

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

403

97.1

34.7

13–19 years adolescent girls

adolescents from urban residence (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.53–4.48), got information about menstruation from mothers (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.18–3.96) and teachers (AOR = 5.09, 95% CI: 2.67–9.67), school toilets with inside lock (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.67–4.76), not missing school during menstruation (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.55–11.41), experienced menstrual-related problems (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.49–4.64), experienced any whitish or gray discharge per-vagina (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.66–4.85), having good overall knowledge about menstruation (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.07–3.52)

Mohammed G. 2020 [34]

Secondary School in East Hararghe Zone

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

672

99.4

58.3

10–19

living in urban areas (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.77, 3.80), having moderate

(AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.64, 5.28), good knowledge about menstruation (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.21, 6.77), mothers’ secondary and above education (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.30)

Boakye-Yiadom, et al. 2018 [45]

Schools in the Yendi Municipality

Ghana

Cross sectional

386

93.6

31.1

10–19 years adolescent girls

access to funds, having adequate knowledge of menstruation

Mohammed, S. 2020 [46]

Kumbungu in the Northern Region of Ghana

Ghana

Cross sectional

250

100

50.8

10–19 years adolescent girls

Aged, fathers occupation, receive regular allowance for menstrual care, fear of staining clothing, fear of being teased, no availability of sanitary pad, lack of private place to manage period at school

Fehintola, et al. 2017 [37]

selected public schools in Ogbomoso

Nigeria

Cross sectional

447

100

25.3

10–19 years adolescent girls

Having an educated mother, living with their

Belayneh, et al. 2019 [38]

Gedeo zone high school

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

791

98.14

39.7

10–19 years adolescent girls

Age less than 15 years [OR = 1.71:95% CI (1.22, 2.39)], longer days of menstrual flow [OR = 2.51:95% CI (1.66, 3.80)], poor knowledge of menses [OR = 1.48:95% CI (1.04, 2.1)]

Anchebi H,et al. 2017 [39]

High schools in Adama town

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

398

94.3

57.03

14–19 years adolescent girls

Mothers’ education status [AOR = 0.608; 95% CI = 0.374–0.990], source of money for sanitary materials [AOR = 2.267; 95% CI = 1.076, 4.772], respondents feeling on comfortability of the school [AOR = 0.557; 95% CI = 0.366–0.846]

Serbesa ML, et al. 2018 [40]

Batu high school

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

274

100

66.7

13–19 years adolescent girls

Residence, parents' educational status, religion, family monthly income, types of sanitary materials

Kumbeni MT, et al. 2020 [47]

schools in Talensi district

Ghana

Cross sectional

705

97

61.4

10–19 years adolescent girls

Mothers' education, parents' socioeconomic

Fisseha MA, et al. 2017 [6]

schools in Wegera

district

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

423

100

29.8

14–19 years adolescent girls

Exposure to advertisements on sanitary napkins (AOR 2.06(1.27, 3.34)), good knowledge of menstrual hygiene (AOR 2.23(1.06, 4.71))

Upashe, S.P., et al. 2015 [42]

schools in Nekemte town

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

828

98

39.8

10–19 years adolescent girls

Good knowledge of menstruation (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.22), having radio/TV (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.64 – 3.56), educational status of the mother (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.38 – 2.97), earning permanent pocket money from parents (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.76 – 4.26)

Nnennaya, Esther Umahi, et al. 2021 [43]

schools in Jalingo town

Nigeria

Cross sectional

297

100

57.6

10–19 years adolescent girls

Good knowledge of menstrual hygiene management

Habtegiorgis, Yohannes, et al.[44]

High school in Dessie city

Ethiopia

Cross sectional

536

98.2

53.9

13–19 adolescent girls

Age range 16–19 years (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: [1.22–3.06]); school grade level 10 (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: [1.18–3.07]); maternal education (primary) (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: [1.81–7.63]), maternal education (secondary) (AOR = 8.54, 95% CI: [4.18–17.44]), maternal education (college) (AOR = 6.78, 95% CI: [3.28–14.02]), respectively]; having regullar menses [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.03–3.32); good knowledge regarding menstruation (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: [1.32–3.09]); discussing menstrual hygiene with friends (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: [1.12–2.86]), and obtaining money for pads from the family (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: [1.15–3.78])