From: Short-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on low back pain: data from the PAMPA Cohort, Brazil
Crude | Model 1 | |||
PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Gender | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 1.15 (1.09; 1.22) | 1.16 (1.10; 1.23) | ||
Age group | 0.884 | 0.413 | ||
18–30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
31–59 | 0.96 (87.4; 1.05) | 1.01 (0.96; 1.06) | ||
60 + | 0.99 (0.95; 1.03) | 0.93 (0.85; 1.02) | ||
Educational level | 0.046 | 0.029 | ||
High school or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
University degree | 0.90 (0.85; 0.95) | 0.91 (0.86; 0.97) | ||
Postgraduate | 0.92 (0.87; 0.97) | 0.92 (0.87; 0.97) | ||
BMI* | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Overweight | 1.12 (1.07; 1.17) | 1.13 (1.08; 1.18) | ||
Obese | 1.11 (1.05; 1.17) | 1.10 (1.04; 1.16) | ||
Chronic disease | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1.15 (1.10; 1.19) | 1.12 (1.07; 1.17) | ||
Commitment to social distancing | 0.377 0.1834a | 0.138 0.0889a | ||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Medium | 0.93 (0.86; 1.01) | 0.92 (0.85; 1.00) | ||
High | 0.95 (0.88; 1.01) | 0.93 (0.86; 1.00) | ||
Model 2 | ||||
Anxiety | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Sustained/Better | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Worse | 1.07 (1.05; 1.09) | 1.06 (1.04; 1.08) | ||
Model 3 | ||||
Depression | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Sustained/Better | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Worse | 1.06 (1.03;1.08) | 1.04 (1.02; 1.07) | ||
Model 4 | ||||
Physical activity | 0.0313a | 0.7289a | ||
Sustained active | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Sustained inactive | 1.09 (1.02; 1.16) | 1.03 (0.96; 1.09) | ||
Become inactive | 1.04 (0.97; 1.11) | 1.01 (0.94; 1.09) | ||
Become active | 1.04 (0.95; 1.14) | 0.99 (0.90; 1.08) |