Table 2 Definitions of determinants of health used

Individual determinants: The individual determinants of health are comprised of an individual’s biological characteristics, their individual lifestyle behaviours and personal characteristics [29]. Note: This review will focus on the individual lifestyle behaviours of the individual determinants

Socio-cultural determinants: The socio-cultural determinants of health are how the context of one’s life can impact on their health. Socio-cultural factors include social networks, media, cultural traditions and customs that impact the health of individuals and communities [29]

Environmental determinants: The environmental determinants of health include factors within an individual’s environment that impact on their health, and in the context of gambling include the local gambling environment such as the availability and accessibility of venues [30, 31]

Commercial determinants: The commercial determinants of health are the market and non-market mechanisms utilised by the private sector that promote products and choices that adversely impact health such as marketing, lobbying, corporate social responsibility and extensive supply chains [13]