Table 4 Regression Adjusted Average Treatment Effect of the Treated Means for Counties (n = 183) by Level of Damage

No Damage Mean

2.50, 0.01

2.32, 0.02

2.34, 0.04

(2.47, 2.53)

(2.28, 2.37)

(2.27, 2.41)

Low Damage Mean

2.50, 0.05

2.50***, 0.05

2.50***, 0.03

(2.39, 2.62)

(2.36, 2.65)

(2.37, 2.64)

High Damage Mean

2.44, 0.04

2.34, 0.06

2.51*, 0.08

(2.32, 2.55)

(2.18, 2.50)

(2.29, 2.74)

Family Unity^†

−0.06***, 0.00

−0.05*, 0.02

−0.06***, 0.01

−0.01***, 0.00

0.05, 0.04

−0.02, 0.01

(−0.06, −0.05)

(− 0.09, − 0.00)

(−0.08, − 0.04)

(−0.02, − 0.01)

(−0.03, 0.13)

(− 0.04, 0.00)

Informal Civil Society^†

0.07***, 0.00

−0.01, 0.03

0.03, 0.03

0.06***, 0.00

0.09***, 0.02

0.06***, 0.02

(0.06, 0.07)

(−0.06, 0.04)

(−0.02, 0.07)

(0.06, 0.07)

(0.04, 0.14)

(0.03, 0.10)

Institutional Confidence^†

0.03***, 0.00

0.12***, 0.02

0.04***, 0.01

0.02***, 0.00

−0.10***, 0.02

0.05***, 0.01

(0.03, 0.04)

(0.08, 0.16)

(0.02, 0.07)

(0.01, 0.02)

(−0.13, −0.06)

(0.03, 0.07)

Collective Efficacy^†

−0.05***, 0.01

0.30***, 0.05

−0.11**, 0.04

0.01, 0.01

0.03, 0.03

0.09*, 0.04

(−0.07, − 0.04)

(0.20, 0.40)

(− 0.19, − 0.03)

(−0.01, 0.02)

(− 0.03, 0.08)

(0.01, 0.18)

Percent County Black

0.00 0.00

0.01, 0.00

−0.01**, 0.00

(−0.00, 0.00)

(−0.00, 0.08)

(− 0.01, − 0.01)

Percent County Hispanic

−0.01, 0.00

0.00, 0.00

0.00, 0.00

(−0.01, −0.00)

(− 0.00, 0.00)

(− 0.01, 0.00)

Percent County Age 65+

0.03***, 0.00

0.05***, 0.00

0.03***, 0.00

(0.03, 0.03)

(0.04, 0.06)

(0.02, 0.03)

Percent County with Bachelor’s Degree

−0.00***, 0.00

−0.00, 0.00

−0.00***, 0.00

(−0.01, − 0.00)

(− 0.00, − 0.00)

(−0.00, − 0.00)

Log Mean Income

−0.17***, 0.03

0.71*, 0.31

−0.38**, 0.14

(−0.22, − 0.12)

(0.10. 1.31)

(− 0.64, − 0.10)