Table 1 Pre-pandemic regional socio-economic indicators in 2019 and mortality indicators in 2020 on county level: Germany and Poland

- aged 50-69 (%)

29.79

2.91

21.43

37.18

26.14

1.61

20.99

30.07

- aged 70-84 (%)

13.44

1.76

9.29

20.03

9.29

1.32

5.95

14.86

- aged 85+ (%)

2.97

0.42

1.91

4.25

2.02

0.45

0.89

4.58

Population density (person/sqkm)

537.02

709.71

35.61

4777.04

368.84

655.15

19.02

3812.08

Number of hospital beds (per 1000 population)*

6.35

3.89

0

29.59

4.25

2.85

0

16.38

Employed in agriculture (%)

1.92

1.63

0

8.46

28.26

19.71

0.34

77.72

COVID-19 deaths per 1000 population

0.63

0.39

0.05

2.96

0.86

0.31

0.23

2.53

Excess mortality per 1000 population

0.64

0.58

−0.84

3.05

2.19

0.59

0.31

4.25

Difference in excess and COVID-19 deaths per 1000 population

0.00

0.44

−1.34

1.24

1.33

0.59

−1.26

3.11

Number of counties