Mapping and analysis of laws influencing built environments for walking and cycling in Australia

Nau, Tracy; Perry, Sean; Giles-Corti, Billie; Bellew, William; Bauman, Adrian; Smith, Ben J.

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14897-w

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Existence of standards in planning laws

From: Mapping and analysis of laws influencing built environments for walking and cycling in Australia

	NSW	VIC	TAS	WA	SA	NT	ACT	QLD
Density
12/Residential density target	^✪	^✪	^○	^⊠	^⊠	^○	^⊠	^□
13/Residential density target near activity centres	^⊠	^✪	^○	^✪	^✪	^○	^⊠	^⊠
14/Residential density target near public transit	^⊠	^✪	^○	^⊠	^✪	^○	^⊠	^⊠
*Planning law sets a residential density target*	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Access to destinations from homes
15/Distance from activity centre	^□	^✪	^○	^✪	^○	^✪	^○	^⊠
17/Distance from public open space	^✪	^✪	^⊠	^□	^○	^✪	^✪	^✪
18/Distance from primary schools	^⊠	^✪	^⊠	^□	^○	^○	^⊠	^⊠
*Strength of legal support for accessibility to destinations*^a	Weak	Strong	Weak	Weak	Strong	Strong	Partial	Weak
Support for active transport
19/Distance of homes from public transport	^✪	^✪	^✪	^□	^✪	^✪	^✪	^□
20/Car parking targets – max rate	^□	^□	^✪	^○	^✪	^⊠	^○	^⊠
21/Bicycle infrastructure	^□	^✪	^✪	^✪	^✪	^✪	^✪	^✪
*Strength of legal support for active transport*^b	Weak	Partial	Strong	Partial	Strong	Partial	Strong	Weak
Street block and footpaths
22/Street block size	^⊠	^✪	^⊠	^✪	^⊠	^⊠	^⊠	^✪
23/Footpath provision	^□	^✪	^□	^□	^⊠	^⊠	^⊠	^✪
*Strength of legal support for enabling pedestrian access*^c	Weak	Strong	Weak	Partial	Weak	Weak	Weak	Strong
Urban greening
25/Tree planting	^□	^✪	^⊠	^✪	^✪	^○	^⊠	^✪
26/Private open space landscaping	^✪	^⊠	^✪	^○	^✪	^✪	^✪	^⊠
27/Tree canopy cover	^□	^✪	^⊠	^⊠	^✪	^⊠	^⊠	^⊠
*Strength of legal support for urban greening*^d	Weak	Partial	Weak	Partial	Strong	Partial	Weak	Weak
Number of standards addressed (out of 12^e)	4	10	6	7	10	8	6	5
Overall strength of legal support for standards
Overall number of categories with Strong legal support (out of 4 categories)	0	2	1	0	3	1	1	1
Overall number of categories with Partial legal support (out of 4 categories)	0	2	0	3	0	2	1	0
Overall number of categories with Weak legal support (out of 4 categories)	4	0	3	1	1	1	2	3

^✪Yes
^○Yes with caution note
^⊠No
^□No with caution note
NSW New South Wales, VIC Victoria, TAS Tasmania, WA Western Australia, SA South Australia, NT Northern Territory, ACT Australian Capital Territory, QLD Queensland
^aStrength of legal support for accessibility to destinations classified as Strong if Yes to 15, 17, 18; Partial if Yes to two out of 15, 17, 18; Weak if Yes to one of 15, 17, 18 or No to all three
^bStrength of legal support for active transport classified as Strong if Yes to 19, 20, 21; Partial if Yes to two out of 19, 20, 21; Weak of Yes to one of 19, 20, 21 or No to all three
^cStrength of legal support for enabling pedestrian access classified as Strong if Yes to 22 and 23; Partial if Yes to either 22 or 23; Weak if No to both 22 and 23
^dStrength of legal support for greening classified as Strong if Yes to 25, 26 and 27; Partial if Yes to two out of 25, 26 and 27; Weak if Yes to one of 25, 26 and 27 or No to all three
^eThe 12 standards comprise questions 12–14 (residential density) treated as one standard, and questions 15, 17–27

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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