From: The portrayal of electronic cigarettes in Indonesia: a content analysis of news media
Topics and (conflicting) Concepts | Type of organizations | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Government Organizations | Govt | ||||
Industry | Univ & Research-based | Health Groups | Other NGOs | ||
Health Impacts of e-cigarettes (n = 266, 29.8%) | |||||
 Harmful (n = 137) | - | 41 | 40 | 43 | 13 |
 Not/less harmful (n = 125) | 25 | 53 | 6 | 37 | 4 |
 The health impact still not yet concluded (n = 4) | - | 2 | - | 2 | - |
Regulation (n = 168, 18.9%) | |||||
 Should be banned/strictly regulated (n = 38) | 1 | 3 | 7 | 13 | 14 |
 Need special regulation (less strict than cigarettes), banning will only put smokers in danger and increase illegal products (n = 123) | 43 | 33 | 1 | 38 | 8 |
 Still need more considerations (n = 7) | - | 1 | - | - | 6 |
Tax or Price (n = 87, 9.8%) | |||||
 Need to raise its tax to control the consumption, especially among youth (n = 8) | - | 1 | - | 2 | 5 |
 E-cigarette price is too expensive, need an incentive (tax reduction) for low-risk products and to accelerate the investment (n = 70) | 40 | 12 | - | 12 | 6 |
 Need further discussion to determine the tax policy (n = 9) | - | - | - | - | 9 |
Cessation (n = 79, 8.9%) | |||||
 E-cigarette is not an effective tool for smoking cessation (n = 15) | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
 E-cigarette is an effective tool for smoking cessation (n = 62) | 16 | 19 | 3 | 20 | 4 |
 Still need more study (n = 2) | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
Persuasive message to government (n = 69, 7.7%) | |||||
  Protect future generation from nicotine addiction (n = 7) | - | - | - | 7 | - |
  Government was asked to be open to alternative tobacco products, and the industry is ready to collaborate with the government to prevent youth use of e-cigarettes (n = 62) | 22 | 14 | - | 24 | 2 |
Economy (n = 56, 6.3%) | |||||
 Need to consider the increase in health costs (n = 3) | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 Create jobs, increase state and economic income, good for tobacco farmers’ welfare (n = 53) | 38 | 2 | - | 5 | 8 |
The Indonesian National Standard Certification (SNI) for e-cigarettes (n = 39, 4.4%) | |||||
 Given SNI for a harmful product is wrong and will only benefit the industry (n = 5) | - | - | 1 | 4 | - |
 SNI needed to protect e-cigarette customers and increase public confidence (n = 31) | 12 | 3 | - | 2 | 14 |
 Need more time and consideration (n = 3) | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Consumers (n = 38, 4.3%) | |||||
 Customers (youth) need to be protected from misleading (less or harmless) information about e-cigarettes and to prevent e-cigarettes as a gateway to smoking (n = 10) | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
 Consumers have the right to choose low-risk products (n = 27) | 10 | 6 | - | 9 | 2 |
 Should be more careful in summarizing research results (n = 1) | - | - | - | - | 1 |
E-cigarette consequences (n = 33, 3.7%) | |||||
 Cause a double burden (both smoking and e-cigarette use prevalence increased) (n = 11) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
 Could help government to reduce smoking prevalence (n = 22) | 4 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
Religious issue of e-cigarettes (n = 11, 1.2%) | |||||
 E-cigarettes are a haram product (prohibited in Islam) (n = 3) | - | - | - | 3 | - |
 E-cigarettes are not a haram product (n = 5) | 1 | - | - | 4 | - |
 Still need more study and discussion (n = 3) | - | - | - | 3 | - |
Environmental (n = 2, 0.2%) | |||||
 The use of alternative tobacco products can reduce the danger of polluting the environment | - | - | - | 2 | - |
Others (n = 43, 4.8%) | 19 | 7 | - | 8 | 9 |
Total | 232 | 215 | 72 | 255 | 117 |