Table 4 Association between background characteristics of caregivers with depressive symptoms and poor self-rated health among adults in India, LASI Wave 1, 2017–18

Hours Spent for Caregiving

 Less than 40 h/week ®

 More than 40 h/week

1.59 (1.16, 2.18)

1.73 (1.11, 2.69)

0.016

Age Group

 < 45 years ®

 45–59 years

1.38 (0.96, 1.99)

1.52 (0.80, 2.87)

0.2

 60–69 years

1.48 (0.97, 2.25)

1.94 (0.96, 3.92)

0.064

 > 70 years

1.13 (0.69, 1.85)

2.96 (1.39, 6.28)

0.005

Sex

 Male ®

 Female

1.26 (0.95, 1.67)

0.97 (0.63, 1.50)

0.899

Education

  No Education ®

  Less than 5 years

0.72 (0.51, 1.01)

1.48 (0.92, 2.38)

0.108

  5–9 years

0.70 (0.53, 0.94)

0.95 (0.60, 1.49)

0.813

  More than 10 years

0.70 (0.50, 0.98)

0.91 (0.53, 1.55)

0.718

Marital Status

 Currently Married ®

 Widowed

1.07 (0.39, 2.95)

1.27 (0.26, 6.17)

0.765

 Others

1.65 (0.55, 5.00)

0.41 (0.06, 2.85)

0.367

MPCE Quintile

 Poorest ®

 Poorer

0.73 (0.52, 1.03)

0.95 (0.55, 1.64)

0.859

 Middle

1.14 (0.81, 1.59)

1.07 (0.62, 1.85)

0.797

 Richer

0.78 (0.55, 1.10)

1.24 (0.73, 2.11)

0.428

 Richest

0.94 (0.67, 1.32)

1.62 (0.97, 2.71)

0.063

Religion

 Hindu ®

 Muslim

0.95 (0.68, 1.32)

1.43 (0.88, 2.32)

0.154

 Others

0.65 (0.44, 0.95)

1.21 (0.69, 2.12)

0.502

Multimorbidity

 No Chronic Disease ®

 Single Chronic Disease

1.24 (0.97, 1.58)

…

…

 Multimorbidity

1.50 (1.14, 1.99)

…

…

Caste

 None ®

 Scheduled Caste (SC)

1.22 (0.88, 1.68)

1.58 (0.98, 2.55)

0.059

 Scheduled Tribe (ST)

0.60 (0.40, 0.91)

0.49 (0.25, 0.97)

0.041

 Other Backward Class (OBC)

1.06 (0.82, 1.37)

1.14 (0.77, 1.71)

0.507

Residence

 Urban ®

 Rural

1.14 (0.90, 1.45)

1.20 (0.82, 1.74)

0.354

Living Arrangement

 Living with Others ®

 Living with Spouse

1.39 (0.46, 4.15)

1.15 (0.21, 6.26)

0.872

 Living with Spouse and Children

1.15 (0.39, 3.35)

1.21 (0.23, 6.35)

0.822

 Living with Children

1.70 (0.92, 3.15)

1.46 (0.59, 3.61)

0.415

Satisfaction in Current Living Arrangement

 Satisfied ®

 Neutral

2.23 (1.69, 2.93)

1.47 (0.95, 2.26)

0.084

 Not Satisfied

4.22 (2.93, 6.08)

4.42 (2.88, 6.78)

0.000

Consume Tobacco

 No ®

 Yes

0.77 (0.60, 0.99)

1.04 (0.71, 1.51)

0.842

Consume alcohol

 No ®

 Yes

1.36 (0.93, 1.98)

1.57 (0.92, 2.68)

0.101

Social Isolation

 No ®

 Yes

1.08 (0.87, 1.36)

1.57 (1.10, 2.24)

0.013

Types of Care Provided

ADL Care

  No ®

  Yes

1.36 (1.07, 1.73)

1.10 (0.76, 1.60)

0.609

 IADL Care

  No ®

  Yes

1.18 (0.94, 1.47)

1.26 (0.90, 1.77)

0.176

 Social Care

  No ®

  Yes

1.01 (0.80, 1.27)

0.81 (0.56, 1.17)

0.244

 Medical Care

  No ®

  Yes

0.68 (0.54, 0.86)

1.29 (0.89, 1.80)

0.165

 Financial Care

  No ®

  Yes

1.35 (1.04, 1.76)

0.87 (0.57, 1.32)

0.516

Care Recipient

 Parent-in-law ®

  Spouse/Partner

1.80 (1.25, 2.59)

1.32 (0.74, 2.35)

0.353

  Parents

1.66 (1.14, 2.42)

1.03 (0.55, 1.90)

0.937

  Brothers/Sisters

1.52 (0.75, 3.06)

1.24 (0.44, 3.51)

0.679

  Children

1.50 (1.01, 2.24)

1.23 (0.66, 2.30)

0.518

  Other Relatives

1.61 (1.05, 2.46)

1.15 (0.58, 2.28)

0.694

  Not Related

1.80 (1.08, 3.01)

1.38 (0.62, 3.07)

0.434

Economic Dependency

 Independent ®

  Dependent

1.17 (0.92, 1.47)

1.72 (1.19, 2.49)

0.004

  Constant

0.10 (0.03, 0.35)

0.01 (0.00, 0.10)

  No. of Observations

2522