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Table 2 Prevalence of depressive symptoms among caregivers and non-caregivers in India, LASI Wave 1, 2017–18

From: Caregiving: a risk factor of poor health and depression among informal caregivers in India- A comparative analysis

Background Characteristics

Caregivers

Non-Caregivers

Difference

Proportion Test (p value)

Prevalence (N = 2522)

χ2

Prevalence (N = 65,227)

χ2

Age Group

χ2 = 16.99

p = 0.001

 

χ2 = 334.86

p = 0.000

  

 <45 years

15.94

21.91

-5.97

0.505

 45–59 years

28.43

26.19

2.24

0.000

 60–69 years

36.21

28.59

7.62

0.000

 > 70 years

38.43

32.05

6.38

0.000

Sex

χ2 = 13.99

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 72.03

p = 0.000

  

 Male

26.58

25.6

0.98

0.069

 Female

30.86

29.00

1.86

0.000

Years of Schooling

χ2 = 52.40

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 569.39

p = 0.000

  

 No Education

37.27

31.48

5.79

0.000

 < 5 years

30.74

27.72

3.02

0.186

 5–9 years

24.67

24.35

0.32

0.256

 > 10 years

21.25

20.45

0.8

0.003

Marital Status

χ2 = 32.76

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 583.43

p = 0.000

  

 Currently Married

26.87

25.16

1.71

0.000

 Widowed

47.10

35.40

11.7

0.000

 Others

43.07

31.31

11.76

0.027

MPCE Quintile

χ2 = 11.36

p = 0.023

 

χ2 = 92.63

p = 0.000

  

 Poorest

35.09

29.85

5.24

0.000

 Poorer

23.20

27.15

-3.95

0.474

 Middle

36.19

28.46

7.73

0.000

 Richer

25.25

25.46

-0.21

0.047

 Richest

27.12

26.79

0.33

0.003

Religion

χ2 = 2.61

p = 0.271

 

χ2 = 259.62

p = 0.000

  

 Hindu

31.42

27.68

3.74

0.000

 Muslim

18.69

30.21

-11.52

0.181

 Others

34.26

21.82

12.44

0.000

Caste

χ2 = 17.95

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 251.07

p = 0.000

  

 Schedule Caste (SC)

37.99

30.88

7.11

0.000

 Schedule Tribe (ST)

22.47

25.31

-2.84

0.107

 Other Backward Caste (OBC)

27.74

27.94

-0.2

0.001

 None

27.37

24.76

2.61

0.020

Residence

χ2 = 5.17

p = 0.023

 

χ2 = 59.13

p = 0.000

  

 Rural

33.2

28.24

4.96

0.000

 Urban

22.72

26.12

-3.4

0.004

Living Arrangement

χ2 = 43.03

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 642.40

p = 0.000

  

 With Spouse

38.55

28.02

10.53

0.000

 With Spouse and Children

24.2

24.43

-0.23

0.000

 With Children

45.42

32.66

12.76

0.000

 With Others

45.57

39.54

6.03

0.391

Chronic Disease

χ2 = 15.55

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 349.73

p = 0.000

  

 No Chronic Disease

26.77

24.97

1.8

0.000

 Single Chronic Disease

36.11

28.40

7.71

0.000

 Multimorbidity

27.33

34.55

-7.22

0.016

Social Isolation

χ2 = 15.63

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 336.05

p = 0.000

  

 Isolated

29.35

29.12

0.23

0.000

 Not Isolated

29.27

23.98

5.29

0.000

Economic Dependency

χ2 = 11.22

p = 0.001

 

χ2 = 357.10

p = 0.000

  

 Dependent

32.73

30.74

1.99

0.000

 Independent

26.69

24.25

2.44

0.000

Satisfaction in Current Living Arrangement

χ2 = 171.45

p = 0.000

 

χ2 = 2400

p = 0.000

  

 Satisfied

22.63

23.05

-0.42

0.002

 Neutral

44.39

40.71

3.68

0.001

 Not Satisfied

65.85

53.04

12.81

0.010

Overall

29.32

 

27.58

 

1.74

0.000

  1. Note: Individual level sampling weight is used