Table 4 Results of multivariable logistic regression investigating factors associated with current use of soap and difficulty paying rent, buying food or medicine due to COVID-19 amongst respondents living in randomly selected IDP settlements in Somalia. The independent variable, depressive symptoms, was retained in all models as the variable of interest
Independent variable | Frequency distribution of dependent variable | B | SE | aOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes, n (%) | No, n (%) | |||||
Dependent variable: Currently uses soap a | ||||||
Depressive symptoms b | ||||||
Low (PHQ-9 < 15) | 92 (72.6) | 35 (27.4) | 1 | |||
High (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | 224 (48.9) | 234 (51.1) | -1.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.7) | < 0.001 |
Earnings in previous week | ||||||
1.5 USD or less | 29 (17.9) | 133 (82.1) | 1 | |||
1.5-5 USD | 85 (50.3) | 84 (49.7) | 1.6 | 0.3 | 5.1 (2.8, 9.4) | < 0.001 |
5–10 USD | 117 (84.2) | 22 (15.8) | 3.3 | 0.4 | 26.1 (12.3, 55.5) | < 0.001 |
10 USD or above | 71 (83.5) | 14 (16.5) | 3.5 | 0.5 | 31.6 (12.5, 80.1) | < 0.001 |
Knowledge that hand washing prevents COVID-19 | ||||||
No | 5 (20.0) | 20 (80.0) | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1 | |
Yes | 219 (55.0) | 179 (45.0) | 20.5 (4.1, 103.4) | < 0.001 | ||
Dependent variable: Difficulty paying rent due to COVID-19 c | ||||||
Depressive symptoms b | ||||||
Low (PHQ-9 < 15) | 70 (62.8) | 41 (37.2) | 1 | |||
High (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | 174 (47.9) | 190 (52.1) | -0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.16 |
Earnings in previous week | ||||||
1.5 USD or less | 18 (13.8) | 112 (86.2) | 1 | |||
1.5-5 USD | 96 (64.9) | 52 (35.1) | 2.4 | 0.3 | 11.2 (6.1, 20.5) | < 0.001 |
5–10 USD | 86 (69.9) | 37 (30.1) | 2.6 | 0.3 | 13.7 (7.3, 25.9) | < 0.001 |
10 USD or above | 41 (59.4) | 28 (40.6) | 2.2 | 0.4 | 8.7 (4.4, 17.5) | < 0.001 |
Dependent variable: Difficulty buying food due to COVID-19 d | ||||||
Depressive symptoms b | ||||||
Low (PHQ-9 < 15) | 97 (78.3) | 27 (21.7) | 1 | |||
High (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | 389 (87.0) | 58 (13.0) | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.2 (1.1, 4.3) | 0.02 |
Earnings in previous week | ||||||
1.5 USD or less | 146 (91.3) | 14 (8.8) | 1 | |||
1.5-5 USD | 116 (69.0) | 52 (31.0) | -1.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | < 0.001 |
5–10 USD | 121 (91.7) | 11 (8.3) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.63 |
10 USD or above | 78 (92.9) | 6 (7.1) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.4 (0.5, 3.8) | 0.51 |
Dependent variable: Difficulty buying medicine due to COVID-19 e | ||||||
Depressive symptoms b | ||||||
Low (PHQ-9 < 15) | 100 (81.2) | 23 (18.8) | 1 | |||
High (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) | 350 (82.4) | 75 (17.6) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.95 |
Education | ||||||
No formal schooling | 180 (83.3) | 36 (16.7) | 1 | |||
Quranic school | 134 (73.6) | 48 (26.4) | -0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.02 |
Primary | 68 (88.3) | 9 (11.7) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.7 (0.7, 4.0) | 0.22 |
Secondary or above | 68 (93.2) | 5 (6.8) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (0.7, 4.0) | 0.18 |
Earnings in previous week | ||||||
1.5 USD or less | 132 (91.0) | 13 (9.0) | 1 | |||
1.5-5 USD | 103 (66.5) | 52 (33.5) | -1.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | < 0.011 |
5–10 USD | 116 (86.6) | 18 (13.4) | -0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.09 |
10 USD or above | 78 (91.8) | 7 (8.2) | -0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.0) | 0.76 |