Table 8 Results of studies included in comparison 2: Policy and regulatory interventions
Study ID Study design Country | Participants at baseline (n)* | Outcome measure reported | Intervention | Control | Effect measure reported | Effect direction | Time of outcome measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline value | Follow-up | Baseline value | Follow-up | ||||||
Comparison 2.1 Free access to local government leisure facilities vs no access | |||||||||
 Primary outcome: Physical activity | |||||||||
  1. Higgerson 2018 [41]_ITS UK | Gym and swim attendees of a leisure center | Increase in activity (gym or swimming) (based on logged attendances) | NR | NR | NR | NR | RR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.89, p < 0.001 | ▲ | 7 years |
Comparison 2.2 Free bus travel for 12–17-year-olds vs no free bus travel for 25–59 year olds | |||||||||
 Primary outcome: Physical activity | |||||||||
  Green 2014 [71] CBA London | Intervention group—4206; Control group—31,169 | Number of walking trips | Proportion: 0.99 | Proportion: 0.83 | Proportion: 0.83 | Proportion: 0.91 | Ratio of ratios: 0.76 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.85) | ▼ | 3 years |
Number of cycling trips | Proportion: 0.06 | Proportion: 0.04 | Proportion: 0.05 | Proportion: 0.07 | Ratio of ratios: 0.53 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.87) | â–¼ | 3 years | ||
 Secondary outcome: Adverse events—Injuries | |||||||||
  Green 2014 [71] CBA London | NR | Incidence of Road Traffic Injuries for all transport modes | 5.46 per 1000 person years | 3.23 per 1000 person years | 5.81 per 1000 person years | 4.08 per 1000 person years | Ratio of ratios 0.84 95% CI 0.82 to 0.87 | ▲ | 3 years |
 Secondary outcome: Safety issues | |||||||||
  Green 2014 [71] CBA London | NR | Rate of hospitalisation for injuries inflicted by assaults | 1.13 admissions per 1000 person-years | 1.61 admissions per 1000 person-years | 0.77 admissions per 1000 person-years | 0.91 admissions per 1000 person-years | Relative effect 19% 95% CI 16% to 22% | ▼ | 3 years |