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Table 3 Factors associated with no receipts of ANC components

From: Factors associated with inadequate receipt of components and non-use of antenatal care services in India: a regional analysis

Variable

North (n = 23,646)

South (n = 29,541)

East (n = 44,859)

West (n = 22,473)

Central (n = 46,396)

North Eastern (n = 7055)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Community Level Factor

 Type of residence

  Urban

1.00

1.00

    

  Rural

1.27 (1.14,1.4)

1.26 (1.13,1.40)

    

 Maternal age at birth

   < 20 years

  

1.00

1.00

  

  20–29 years

  

0.76 (0.64,0.91)

0.82 (0.68,1.00)

  

  30–39 years

  

0.54 (0.43,0.68)

0.75 (0.58,0.97)

  

  40 + years

  

0.50 (0.25,1.03)

1.30 (0.70,2.40)

  

 Place of delivery

  Home

  

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Health facility

  

0.58 (0.46,0.72)

0.71 (0.55,0.92)

0.63 (0.54,0.74)

1.48 (1.27,1.71)

 Household wealth Index

  Rich

1.00

 

1.00

  

1.00

  Middle

1.24 (1.10,1.38)

 

1.18 (0.99,1.41)

  

1.21 (0.98,1.50)

  Poor

1.26 (1.12,1.42)

 

1.21 (1.02,1.44)

  

1.36 (1.12,1.65)

 Mother's education

  Secondary

 

1.00

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Primary

 

1.10 (0.92,1.31)

1.02 (0.87,1.21)

 

1.38 (1.20,1.59)

 

  No schooling

 

2.05 (1.70,2.47)

1.30 (1.10,1.52)

 

1.25 (1.11,1.41)

 

 Combined Birth rank and Birth Interval

  2nd/3rd > 2 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  1st child

1.11 (1.02,1.21)

1.11 (1.02,1.22)

1.27 (1.11,1.44)

1.22 (1.08,1.38)

1.06 (0.95,1.17)

1.01 (0.88,1.15)

  2nd/3rd <  = 2 years

1.25 (1.11,1.41)

1.53 (1.35,1.73)

2.37 (1.95,2.87)

1.15 (0.98,1.35)

1.28 (1.12,1.46)

1.42 (1.12,1.79)

  4th birth > 2 years

1.36 (1.05,1.75)

1.01 (0.57,1.77)

2.22 (1.56,3.18)

1.45 (1.01,2.08)

1.22 (0.98,1.52)

0.91 (0.73,1.14)

  4th birth <  = 2 years

1.01 (0.70,1.45)

2.46 (0.90,6.77)

2.62 (1.58,4.33)

1.39 (0.91,2.13)

1.33 (0.94,1.86)

0.53 (0.37,0.78)

Health knowledge

 Frequency of listening radio

  At least once a week

1.00

     

  Less than once a week

1.16 (0.95,1.43)

     

  Not at all

1.39 (1.16,1.67)

     

 Frequency of reading magazine or newspaper

  At least once a week

1.00

1.00

   

1.00

  Less than once a week

0.84 (0.73,0.97)

0.82 (0.73,0.94)

   

1.16 (0.92,1.47)

  Not at all

1.00 (0.88,1.14)

0.75 (0.67,0.84)

   

1.44 (1.16,1.79)

 Frequency of watching Television

  At least once a week

 

1.00

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Less than once a week

 

1.20 (1.05,1.37)

1.15 (0.98,1.34)

 

1.13 (1.00,1.28)

 

  Not at all

 

1.29 (1.10,1.52)

1.50 (1.30,1.74)

 

1.35 (1.20,1.51)

 

 Knowledge of delivery complications

  Yes

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

  No

2.96 (2.55,3.43)

1.69 (1.25,2.28)

4.49 (3.61,5.58)

2.54 (2.15,3.00)

8.81 (6.89,11.25)

 

 Post-delivery complications knowledge

  Yes

 

1.00

    

  No

 

5.58 (4.74,6.56)

    

Enabling factors

 Money to pay for health services

  No problem

      

  Not a big problem

      

  Big problem

      

 Not wanting to go alone to health care

  No problem

      

  Not a big problem

      

  Big problem

      

 Permission to visit health services

  No problem

      

  Not a big problem

      

  Big problem

      

 Distance to a health facility

  No problem

 

1.00

   

1.00

  Not a big problem

 

1.21 (1.08,1.37)

   

1.17 (0.99,1.38)

  Big problem

 

1.34 (1.17,1.53)

   

1.25 (1.04,1.51)

 Postnatal check-up (PNC)

  0–2 days

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

  3–41 days

0.78 (0.67,0.90)

0.81 (0.70,0.95)

0.93 (0.76,1.14)

0.85 (0.67,1.08)

0.82 (0.69,0.96)

 

  No PNC

1.26 (1.08,1.48)

1.52 (1.30,1.78)

1.71 (1.38,2.12)

1.41 (1.10,1.81)

1.21 (1.03,1.43)

 

Autonomy variables

 Power over household decision making

  By Husband alone

  

1.00

   

  Alone/joint decision

  

0.82 (0.69,0.99)

   

 Power over earning

  yes

      

  no

      

 Attitudes to domestic violence

  Yes

      

  No

      

Health Services

 Contraceptive use

  Yes

1.00

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

  No

1.14 (1.04,1.25)

 

1.17 (1.04,1.32)

1.21 (1.08,1.37)

1.14 (1.03,1.26)

 

 Intention to become pregnant

  Now

 

1.00

 

1.00

1.00

 

  Later

 

2.30 (1.65,3.21)

 

1.51 (1.00,2.29)

1.40 (1.04,1.88)

 

  No more

 

1.37 (1.00,1.88)

 

1.67 (1.09,2.55)

1.85 (1.40,2.44)

 
  1. If 95% confidence intervals (CI) around AORs that lies between 1.00 indicate not statistically significant