Table 4 Biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism of the study population
Parameters | Total (N = 114) Mean ± SD | Men (n = 71) Mean ± SD n (%) | Women (n = 43) Mean ± SD n (%) | Reference Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose [mg/dL] | 86.3 ± 6.55 | 87.1 ± 6.84 | 85.0 ± 5.89 |  |
Above Ref Within Ref |  | 2 (3%) 69 (97%) | 0 43 (100%) |  > 100 mg/dl (prediabetes, DM II) 70–99 mg/dl |
Insulin [μU/mL] | 10.4 ± 5.08 | 10.1 ± 5.40 | 9.32 ± 4.37 |  |
Above Ref Above Ref Within Ref |  | 5 (7%) 10 (14%) 56 (79%) | 1 (2%) 5 (12%) 37 (86%) |  > 20 μU/mL (likely IR)  > 15–20 µU/ml (possible IR) ˂15 μU/mL |
HOMA-IR index | 2.23 ± 0.92 | 2.38 ± 1.20 | 1.99 ± 0.99 |  |
Within Ref Above Ref Above Ref Above Ref |  | 30 (42%) 14 (20%) 25 (35%) 2 (3%) | 25 (58%) 7 (16%) 11 (26%) 0 |  < 1.0 (IR unliklely) 2.0—< 2.5 (possible IR)  > 2.5—5.0 (likely IR)  > 5.0 (type-2 diabetes) |
Total cholesterol [mg/dl] | 184 ± 36.5 | 186 ± 41.3 | 179 ± 26.5 |  |
Within Ref Above Ref |  | 47 (66%) 24 (34%) | 32 (74%) 11 (26%) |  > 200 mg/dl  < 200 mg/dl |
Triglyceride [mg/dl] | 108 ± 75.5 | 123 ± 86.6 | 84.3 ± 42.9 |  |
Within Ref Above Ref |  | 54 (76%) 17 (24%) | 40 (93%) 3 (7%) | ˂150 mg/dl  > 150 mg/dl |
HDL [mg/dl] | 48.8 ± 11.0 | 45.0 ± 9.66 | 55.1 ± 10.4 |  |
Below Ref Within Ref |  | 25 (35%) 46 (65%) | 13 (30%) 30 (70%) | M: < 40 / W: < 50 mg/dl M: > 40 / W: > 50 mg/dl |
LDL [mg/dl] | 120 ± 29.2 | 125 ± 31.9 | 113 ± 22.3 |  |
Within Ref Above Ref |  | 41 (58%) 30 (42%) | 34 (79%) 9 (21%) |  < 130 mg/dl  > 130 mg/dl |