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Table 4 Summary of main factors increasing fatal crashes

From: Modeling road traffic fatalities in Iran’s six most populous provinces, 2015–2016

Factor

Type of factor

Most dangerous category

OR (95% CI)

Passenger include

Passenger level

presence of passenger

4.95 (4.54 to 5.40)

Pedestrian include

Pedestrian level

presence of pedestrian

2.60 (1.75 to 3.85)

Lightning status

Crash level

night

1.64 (1.52 to 1.76)

Weather

Crash level

rainy

1.32 (1.06 to 1.64)

Intersection control

Crash level

no intersection control

1.40 (1.29 to 1.51)

Line marking

Crash level

double solid line

2.21 (1.31 to 3.75)

Road material

Crash level

asphalt

1.95 (1.39 to 2.73)

Land use

Crash level

nonresidential

2.15 (1.93 to 2.40)

Crash mechanism

Crash level

involving vulnerable road users crash

1.70 (1.50 to 1.92)

Human factor

Crash level

presence of human factor

1.13 (1.03 to 1.23)

First cause

Crash level

multiple factors

2.81 (2.04 to 3.87)

Prior cause

Crash level

other factors (e.g., fatigue and drowsiness, lack of skill in diagnosing traffic situation, slippery or tarred road surface, etc.)

1.48 (1.27 to 1.72)

Direct cause

Crash level

irregulation

1.35 (1.20 to 1.51)

Collision type

Crash level

head-on collision

3.35 (2.85 to 3.93)

Crash province

Crash level

Isfahan

1.95 (1.69 to 2.24)

Commuting area

Crash level

suburban

3.26 (2.65 to 4.01)

Road type

Crash level

expressway

1.84 (1.59 to 2.13)

Road shoulder

Crash level

unpaved

1.84 (1.63 to 2.07)

Road design

Crash level

unseparated two-way road

1.40 (1.26 to 1.56)

Road defect

Crash level

multiple defects

2.00 (1.67 to 2.39)

Vehicle type

Vehicle level

heavy vehicles

1.40 (1.26 to 1.56)

Vehicle color

Vehicle level

dark colors

1.26 (1.17 to 1.35)

Vehicle life

Vehicle level

15yrs and more

1.46 (1.27 to 1.67)

Vehicle plaque description

Vehicle level

not personal regional plaques

2.73 (2.42 to 3.09)

Vehicle maneuver

Vehicle level

maneuver such as stopping outside of the road, sudden starting, sudden stopping, overtaking, spiral movement

3.84 (2.72 to 5.44)

Driver education

Driver level

non-academic

1.58 (1.33 to 1.88)

Driver job

Driver level

jobs with low income

2.48 (1.95 to 3.15)

Driver age

Driver level

elderly

1.50 (1.26 to 1.77)

Driver license

Driver level

no license

3.93 (2.51 to 6.15)

Driver seat belt

Driver level

not used

1.55 (1.44 to 1.67)

Driver judiciary cause

Driver level

causes such as unconscious, lack of driving skills, violation of the law

1.67 (1.44 to 1.94)

Driver misconduct

Driver level

misconducts such as failure to yield right-of-way, failure to yield right-of-way, failure to distance control while overtaking, running red light, passing the prohibited place, illegal overtaking, turning left or right in the prohibited place, turning in the prohibited place, drunken driving, lack of safety equipment for the season, not turning on the lights from sunset to sunrise, not using glasses while driving, defective vehicle lighting system at night, demonstrative movement, crossing the sidewalk

2.51 (2.39 to 2.88)