2005a | 2015a | Prevalence difference | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | % (95CI) | % (95CI) | % (95CI) | |
Overall | 3.0 (2.1; 4.2) | 7.3 (5.3; 9.9) | 4.3 (1.8; 6.8) | < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 2.5 (1.6; 3.8) | 5.8 (4.2; 8.2) | 3.4 (1.1; 5.6) | 0.003 |
Male | 3.5 (2.1; 5.7) | 8.9 (5.3; 14.7) | 5.4 (0.5; 10.3) | 0.031 |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | 5.1 (3.5; 7.3) | 9.3 (5.8; 14.5) | 4.2 (−0.4; 8.9) | 0.077 |
Rural | 1.8 (1.1; 3.1) | 6.3 (4.0; 9.9) | 4.5 (1.4; 7.6) | 0.004 |
Education (years) | ||||
None | 2.1 (1.1; 4.0) | 5.8 (3.5; 9.5) | 3.7 (0.5; 6.9) | 0.024 |
1 - 5 | 2.4 (1.5; 3.8) | 7.9 (5.3; 11.5) | 5.4 (2.2; 8.6) | 0.001 |
at least 6 | 5.6 (3.5; 8.9) | 7.8 (4.2; 14.2) | 2.2 (−3.3; 7.7) | 0.433 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
< 25 | 2.1 (1.4; 3.0) | 6.2 (3.8; 9.9) | 4.1 (1.1; 7.2) | 0.008 |
≥ 25 | 7.8 (5.1; 11.7) | 10.5 (7.2; 15.0) | 2.7 (−2.3; 7.7) | 0.292 |
Waist-to-height (WHtR) ratio | ||||
< 0.5 | 2.0 (1.2; 3.1) | 5.4 (3.1; 9.4) | 3.5 (0.3; 6.6) | 0.031 |
≥ 0.5 - 0.6 | 5.6 (3.5; 8.9) | 10.5 (7.1; 15.3) | 4.9 (0.1; 9.7) | 0.048 |
≥ 0.6 | 15.1 (7.8; 27.4) | 11.1 (6.7; 17.9) | −4.0 (−15.1; 7.1) | 0.476 |