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Table 2 The associations between odds of fatal overdose and the urbanicity of event environment

From: Spatial-temporal trends in the risk of illicit drug toxicity death in British Columbia

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Variable

OR1

95% CI1

p-value

OR2

95% CI

p-value

OR3

95% CI

p-value

OR4

95% CI

p-value

Urbanicity

            

Large

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

Medium

1.14

1.04, 1.24

0.003

1.27

1.10, 1.47

0.001

1.16

1.00, 1.34

0.057

1.14

0.98, 1.32

0.090

Small

1.29

1.16, 1.43

< 0.001

1.22

1.01, 1.47

0.035

1.06

0.88, 1.29

0.5

1.03

0.85, 1.24

0.8

Rural

1.59

1.42, 1.78

< 0.001

1.57

1.29, 1.91

< 0.001

1.36

1.11, 1.66

0.003

1.31

1.07, 1.60

0.009

Location Type

            

Private

–

–

    

–

–

 

–

–

 

Public Buildings

0.07

0.06, 0.09

< 0.001

   

0.08

0.06, 0.09

< 0.001

0.08

0.06, 0.09

< 0.001

Healthcare Facilities

0.18

0.14, 0.25

< 0.001

   

0.18

0.13, 0.25

< 0.001

0.19

0.14, 0.27

< 0.001

Outdoor

0.15

0.14, 0.17

< 0.001

   

0.16

0.14, 0.18

< 0.001

0.16

0.15, 0.18

< 0.001

Others

0.58

0.52, 0.66

< 0.001

   

0.62

0.54, 0.70

< 0.001

0.65

0.57, 0.75

< 0.001

Recurrent Event

            

No

–

–

 

–

–

    

–

–

 

Yes

0.51

0.48, 0.55

< 0.001

0.52

0.48, 0.56

< 0.001

   

0.60

0.56, 0.65

< 0.001

Age

            

18–29

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

< 18

0.53

0.38, 0.75

< 0.001

0.50

0.36, 0.71

< 0.001

0.57

0.41, 0.81

0.002

0.54

0.38, 0.76

< 0.001

30–49

1.78

1.63, 1.93

< 0.001

1.73

1.59, 1.89

< 0.001

1.72

1.57, 1.88

< 0.001

1.68

1.54, 1.83

< 0.001

50–64

2.92

2.65, 3.21

< 0.001

2.71

2.45, 2.99

< 0.001

2.41

2.17, 2.67

< 0.001

2.30

2.07, 2.54

< 0.001

≥65

3.13

2.70, 3.63

< 0.001

2.76

2.37, 3.22

< 0.001

2.48

2.11, 2.92

< 0.001

2.24

1.91, 2.64

< 0.001

Sex

            

F

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

M

1.61

1.49, 1.74

< 0.001

1.62

1.50, 1.75

< 0.001

1.77

1.64, 1.92

< 0.001

1.81

1.67, 1.96

< 0.001

Benzodiazepines Prescriptions

            

No

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

Yes

1.46

1.30, 1.63

< 0.001

1.43

1.26, 1.63

< 0.001

1.37

1.20, 1.57

< 0.001

1.37

1.20, 1.56

< 0.001

Other Sedatives Prescriptions

            

No

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

Yes

1.19

1.11, 1.28

< 0.001

0.89

0.81, 0.96

0.005

0.86

0.79, 0.94

< 0.001

0.88

0.81, 0.96

0.004

Opioids for pain Prescriptions

            

No

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

Yes

1.54

1.38, 1.73

< 0.001

1.14

1.00, 1.30

0.054

1.05

0.92, 1.21

0.5

1.04

0.91, 1.19

0.6

Social Deprivation

            

Q3

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

Q1

1.20

1.05, 1.37

0.008

1.28

1.12, 1.46

< 0.001

1.24

1.08, 1.43

0.002

1.22

1.06, 1.40

0.004

Q2

1.05

0.93, 1.18

0.5

1.08

0.95, 1.22

0.2

1.12

0.98, 1.27

0.092

1.12

0.99, 1.27

0.083

Q4

1.00

0.89, 1.12

> 0.9

0.99

0.88, 1.11

0.9

0.98

0.87, 1.11

0.8

1.00

0.88, 1.12

> 0.9

Q5

0.96

0.87, 1.06

0.4

0.96

0.87, 1.06

0.4

0.97

0.87, 1.07

0.5

1.00

0.90, 1.11

> 0.9

Year

            

2015–2016

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

–

–

 

2017–2018

1.26

1.19, 1.34

< 0.001

1.40

1.29, 1.52

< 0.001

1.29

1.19, 1.41

< 0.001

1.39

1.28, 1.52

< 0.001

Urbanicity * Year

            

Medium * 2017–2018

   

0.86

0.72, 1.03

0.11

0.91

0.76, 1.10

0.3

0.91

0.75, 1.09

0.3

Small * 2017–2018

   

1.07

0.86, 1.35

0.5

1.08

0.85, 1.36

0.5

1.05

0.83, 1.33

0.7

Rural * 2017–2018

   

0.89

0.70, 1.14

0.4

0.92

0.72, 1.19

0.5

0.90

0.70, 1.15

0.4

  1. 1OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  2. 2Adjusted for all covariates except location type
  3. 3Adjusted for all covariates except prior overdose experience
  4. 4Adjusted for all covariates
  5. The asterisk symbol = represents the interaction between two variables