Skip to main content

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of poor SRH by selected key explanatory variables and other covariates and other covariates among older individuals (aged 60 years and above), India, LASI Wave 1 (2017–18)

From: Rural urban differences in self-rated health among older adults: examining the role of marital status and living arrangements

Key explanatory variables

UOR (95% CI)

India

UOR (95% CI)

Rural

UOR (95% CI)

Urban

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Marital Status

 Currently married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Currently unmarried

1.32*** [1.20—1.46]

1.19*** [1.07—1.31]

1.39*** [1.25 -1.54]

1.02 [0.89—1.71]

1.20 [0.97—1.48]

1.12** [1.03—1.19]

Living Arrangement

 Co-residing with family

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Living alone

1.77***[1.50—2.10]

1.48*** [1.20—1.83]

1.80*** [1.50—2.15]

1.41*** [1.14—1.74]

1.56* [1.06—2.32]

1.39 [0.83—2.32]

Marital status a living arrangement

 Currently Married a co-residing

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Currently Married a Living alone

0.88 [0.37—2.06]

0.77 [0.32—1.88]

0.63 [0.22—1.80]

0.50 [0.17—1.47]

1.65 [0.37—7.42]

1.76 [0.38—8.12]

 Currently Unmarried a Co-residing

1.23*** [1.11—1.36]

0.89 [0.78—1.02]

1.28*** [1.15—1.43]

0.96 [0.83—1.10]

1.15 [0.92—1.44]

0.79 [0.61—1.02]

 Currently Unmarried a Living alone

1.93*** [1.62—2.29]

1.34 *** [1.08—1.65]

1.98*** [1.64—2.39]

1.38*** [1.11—1.71]

1.65** [1.10—2.48]

1.09 [0.65—1.82]

Covariates

 Age

  60–69

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  70–79

 

1.19*** [1.06—1.35]

 

1.17*** [1.03—1.33]

 

1.24 [0.97—1.59]

  80 + 

 

1.53*** [1.29—1.82]

 

1.55*** [1.29—1.88]

 

1.52*** [1.09—2.11]

 Sex

  Male

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  Female

 

0.89 [0.79—1.00]

 

0.95 [0.84—1.08]

 

0.85 [0.67—1.09]

 Education level

  No schooling

 

1.80***[1.44—2.23]

 

1.50*** [1.20—1.89]

 

1.59*** [1.16—2.20]

  Up to primary

 

1.66*** [1.31—2.11]

 

1.33** [1.03—1.72]

 

1.87*** [1.28—2.74]

  Up to secondary

 

1.43** [1.00—2.03]

 

1.69*** [1.26—2.25]

 

0.94 [0.55—1.61]

  Secondary & above

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Working status

  No

 

1.50*** [1.32—1.69]

 

1.58*** [1.38 -1.81]

 

1.52*** [1.17 – 1.97]

  Yes

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Social participation

  No

 

1.13 [0.93—1.38]

 

1.25** [1.00—1.57]

 

1.00 [0.68—1.49]

  Yes

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Life satisfaction

  Low

 

1.80*** [1.59—2.04]

 

1.69*** [1.48—1.93]

 

2.07*** [1.63—2.63]

  Medium

 

1.35*** [1.18—1.54]

 

1.25*** [1.08—1.46]

 

1.53*** [1.19—1.96]

  High

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Difficulty in ADL b

  No

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  Yes

 

1.98*** [1.75—2.25]

 

2.05*** [1.79—2.33]

 

1.84*** [1.42—2.38]

 Difficulty in IADL c

  No

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  Yes

 

1.40*** [1.25—1.58]

 

1.38*** [1.22—1.55]

 

1.43*** [1.12—1.83]

 Morbidity status

  0

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  1

 

1.78*** [1.58—2.00]

 

1.91*** [1.69—2.16]

 

1.44*** [1.09—1.89]

  2 + 

 

3.12*** [2.74—3.56]

 

3.06*** [2.64—3.55]

 

3.44*** [2.68—4.422]

 MPCE d quintile

  Poorest

 

1.06 [0.89—1.26]

 

1.01 [0.85 -1.21]

 

1.54** [1.04 -2.27]

  Poorer

 

0.99 [0.83—1.17]

 

0.90 [0.75—1.09]

 

1.57** [1.09—2.28]

  Middle

 

0.88 [0.74—1.05]

 

0.87 [0.73—1.04]

 

1.06 [0.71—1.58]

  Richer

 

0.98 [0.81—1.20]

 

0.99 [0.83—1.17]

 

1.18 [0.76—1.83]

  Richest

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Religion

  Hindu

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  Muslim

 

1.13* [0.99—1.31]

 

1.24** [1.03—1.48]

 

1.16 [0.91—1.47]

  Christian

 

1.85*** [1.46—2.35]

 

1.57*** [1.18—2.09]

 

2.70*** [1.86—3.92]

  Others

 

0.95 [0.76—1.20]

 

1.02 [0.78—1.35]

 

0.78 [0.50—1.22]

 Social group

  Scheduled Caste

 

1.29*** [1.11—1.48]

 

1.31*** [1.12—1.54]

 

1.26 [0.93—1.70]

  Scheduled Tribe

 

0.95 [0.79—1.15]

 

0.96 [0.78—1.17]

 

1.22 [0.74—2.02]

  Other backward Class

 

1.11 [0.98—1.26]

 

1.17** [1.02—1.35]

 

1.02 [0.81—1.29]

  Others

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Region

  North

 

0.98 [0,81—1.19]

 

0.93 [0.75—1.16]

 

1.15 [0.76—1.73]

  North East

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

  East

 

1.10 [0.92—1.32]

 

0.99 [0.81—1.22]

 

1.67*** [1.11—2.52]

  Central

 

1.21 [0.99—1.46]

 

1.19 [0.96—1.49]

 

1.21 [0.79—1.85]

  West

 

0.69*** [0.57—0.83]

 

0.76** [0.61—0.95]

 

0.62** [0.41—0.94]

  South

 

1.30*** [1.07—1.58]

 

1.43*** [1.16—1.76]

 

1.37 [0.90—2.09]

  1. Ref Reference, UOR Unadjusted Odds Ratio, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ADL Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MPCE Monthly per Capita Consumption Expenditure
  2. a Interaction
  3. *** p ≤ 0.001, ** p < 0.005 and * p ≤ 0.05