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Table 3 Prevalence of poor SRH among older individuals (aged 60 years and above) by other background characteristics, India, LASI Wave 1 (2017–18)

From: Rural urban differences in self-rated health among older adults: examining the role of marital status and living arrangements

 

India

Rural

Urban

Percent (95% CI)

Percent (95% CI)

Percent (95% CI)

24.08 [23.22 – 24.90]

25.09 [24.16 -26.04]

21.53 [19.92 -23.23]

Age

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 60–69

20.22 [19.28—21.19]

21.12 [20.24—22.24]

18.03 [16.32—19.90]

 70–79

27.32 [25.59—29.16]

27.99 [26.13—29.94]

25.72 [22.13—29.67]

 80 + 

36.25 [33.31—39.30]

38.61 [35.33—41.99]

29.79 [24.26—35.95]

Sex

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 Male

22.04 [20.94—23.18]

22.96 [21.67—24.30]

19.59 [17.53—21.83]

 Female

25.85 [24.63—27.11]

27.09 [25.77—28.45]

23.07 [20.65—25.67]

Education level

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 No schooling

26.23 [25.25—27.23]

26.40 [25.31—27.52]

25.51 [23.34—27.80]

 Up to primary

23.64 [21.23—26.24]

22.29 [19.77—25.03]

25.95 [21.26—31.27]

 Up to secondary

20.47 [17.04—24.39]

24.14 [20.37—28.35]

15.60 [10.87—21.88]

 Secondary & above

15.56 [13.84—17.45]

16.13 [13.73—18.86]

15.21 [12.92—17.80]

Working status

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 No

28.02 [26.92—29.14]

30.32 [29.09—31.58]

23.55 [21.57—25.65]

 Yes

15.40 [14.26—16.62]

15.84 [14.53—17.24]

13.50 [11.45—15.87]

Social participation

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 No

24.32 [23.46—25.20]

25.36 [24.40—26.35]

21.76 [20.08—23.55]

 Yes

18.67 [16.14—21.49]

19.24 [16.24—22.66]

17.54 [13.27—22.82]

Life satisfaction

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 Low

31.76 [30.24—33.32]

31.84 [30.25—33.46]

31.55 [27.83—35.51]

 Medium

24.39 [22.84—26.01]

24.64 [22.83—26.55]

23.64 [20.74—26.81]

 High

18.21 [17.06—19.43]

19.70 [18.27—21.21]

15.33 [13.57—17.27]

Difficulty in ADL a

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 No

19.14 [18.29—20.01]

19.84 [18.90—20.82]

17.47 [15.80—19.28]

 Yes

40.68 [38.63—42.79]

42.18 [39.82—44.59]

36.63 [32.75—40.68]

Difficulty in IADL b

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 No

16.57 [15.63—17.55]

17.18 [16.06—18.35]

15.36 [13.70—17.18]

 Yes

32.34 [30.86—33.85]

32.82 [31.38—34.30]

30.84 [27.01—34.96]

Morbidity status

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 0

15.93 [14.92—17.00]

16.74 [15.57—17.97]

12.71 [10.86—14.82]

 1

25.75 [24.34—27.21]

29.17 [27.47—30.92]

18.39 [16.24—20.76]

 2 + 

37.96 [35.41—40.57]

42.46 [40.05—44.91]

32.21 [27.94—36.81]

MPCE c quintile

p < .001

p < .005

p < .001

 Poorest

25.98 [24.34—27.70]

26.55 [24.58—28.60]

24.69 [21.77—27.88]

 Poorer

23.98 [22.37—25.62]

23.92 [21.98—25.98]

24.12 [21.39—27.07]

 Middle

21.88 [20.18—23.68]

23.61 [21.55—25.81]

17.35 [14.77—20.27]

 Richer

24.03 [22.07—26.10]

25.22 [23.18—27.39]

21.29 [17.38—25.81]

 Richest

24.38 [22.09—26.83]

26.56 [24.32—28.93]

19.37 [14.65—25.16]

Religion

p < .001

p < .005

p < .001

 Hindu

23.36 [22.43—24.31]

24.38 [23.36—25.43]

20.78 [18.92—22.77]

 Muslim

26.77 [24.61—29.06]

28.16 [25.29—31.21]

24.35 [21.21—27.79]

 Christian

36.36 [32.00—40.95]

34.72 [29.35—40.51]

40.99 [34.32—48.02]

 Others

22.12 [18.71—25.95]

25.36 [21.11—30.14]

13.71 [9.40—19.56]

Social group

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 Scheduled Caste

27.49 [25.62—29.45]

28.21 [26.10—30.41]

24.18 [20.45—28.34]

 Scheduled Tribe

18.32 [16.34—20.48]

18.29 [16.21—20.58]

18.50 [12.84—25.90]

 Other Backward Class

25.08 [23.67—26.54]

26.16 [24.68—27.69]

22.56 [19.62—25.78]

 Others

21.72 [20.47—23.01]

23.05 [21.41—24.79]

19.79 [17.95—21.76]

Region

p < .001

p < .001

p < .001

 North

22.88 [21.27—24.57]

23.99 [22.02—26.07]

20.57 [17.86—23.56]

 North East

20.24 [18.14—22.53]

20.84 [18.49—23.41]

17.95 [13.62—23.29]

 East

25.88 [24.27—27.56]

25.20 [23.40—27.09]

28.93 [25.53—32.59]

 Central

23.18 [21.36—25.11]

24.04 [21.89—26.33]

19.81 [16.95—23.02]

 West

16.83 [15.43—18.31]

19.24 [17.39—21.23]

12.86 [10.94—15.07]

 South

31.19 [28.67—33.83]

33.74 [31.58—35.97]

27.47 [22.76 -32.75]

  1. CI Confidence Interval, a ADL Activities of Daily Living, b IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, c MPCE Monthly per Capita Consumption Expenditure
  2. P-value based on Pearson Chi-square (Χ2) tests