| India | Rural | Urban |
---|---|---|---|
Percent (95% CI) | Percent (95% CI) | Percent (95% CI) | |
24.08 [23.22 – 24.90] | 25.09 [24.16 -26.04] | 21.53 [19.92 -23.23] | |
Age | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 60–69 | 20.22 [19.28—21.19] | 21.12 [20.24—22.24] | 18.03 [16.32—19.90] |
 70–79 | 27.32 [25.59—29.16] | 27.99 [26.13—29.94] | 25.72 [22.13—29.67] |
 80 +  | 36.25 [33.31—39.30] | 38.61 [35.33—41.99] | 29.79 [24.26—35.95] |
Sex | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 Male | 22.04 [20.94—23.18] | 22.96 [21.67—24.30] | 19.59 [17.53—21.83] |
 Female | 25.85 [24.63—27.11] | 27.09 [25.77—28.45] | 23.07 [20.65—25.67] |
Education level | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 No schooling | 26.23 [25.25—27.23] | 26.40 [25.31—27.52] | 25.51 [23.34—27.80] |
 Up to primary | 23.64 [21.23—26.24] | 22.29 [19.77—25.03] | 25.95 [21.26—31.27] |
 Up to secondary | 20.47 [17.04—24.39] | 24.14 [20.37—28.35] | 15.60 [10.87—21.88] |
 Secondary & above | 15.56 [13.84—17.45] | 16.13 [13.73—18.86] | 15.21 [12.92—17.80] |
Working status | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 No | 28.02 [26.92—29.14] | 30.32 [29.09—31.58] | 23.55 [21.57—25.65] |
 Yes | 15.40 [14.26—16.62] | 15.84 [14.53—17.24] | 13.50 [11.45—15.87] |
Social participation | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 No | 24.32 [23.46—25.20] | 25.36 [24.40—26.35] | 21.76 [20.08—23.55] |
 Yes | 18.67 [16.14—21.49] | 19.24 [16.24—22.66] | 17.54 [13.27—22.82] |
Life satisfaction | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 Low | 31.76 [30.24—33.32] | 31.84 [30.25—33.46] | 31.55 [27.83—35.51] |
 Medium | 24.39 [22.84—26.01] | 24.64 [22.83—26.55] | 23.64 [20.74—26.81] |
 High | 18.21 [17.06—19.43] | 19.70 [18.27—21.21] | 15.33 [13.57—17.27] |
Difficulty in ADL a | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 No | 19.14 [18.29—20.01] | 19.84 [18.90—20.82] | 17.47 [15.80—19.28] |
 Yes | 40.68 [38.63—42.79] | 42.18 [39.82—44.59] | 36.63 [32.75—40.68] |
Difficulty in IADL b | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 No | 16.57 [15.63—17.55] | 17.18 [16.06—18.35] | 15.36 [13.70—17.18] |
 Yes | 32.34 [30.86—33.85] | 32.82 [31.38—34.30] | 30.84 [27.01—34.96] |
Morbidity status | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 0 | 15.93 [14.92—17.00] | 16.74 [15.57—17.97] | 12.71 [10.86—14.82] |
 1 | 25.75 [24.34—27.21] | 29.17 [27.47—30.92] | 18.39 [16.24—20.76] |
 2 +  | 37.96 [35.41—40.57] | 42.46 [40.05—44.91] | 32.21 [27.94—36.81] |
MPCE c quintile | p < .001 | p < .005 | p < .001 |
 Poorest | 25.98 [24.34—27.70] | 26.55 [24.58—28.60] | 24.69 [21.77—27.88] |
 Poorer | 23.98 [22.37—25.62] | 23.92 [21.98—25.98] | 24.12 [21.39—27.07] |
 Middle | 21.88 [20.18—23.68] | 23.61 [21.55—25.81] | 17.35 [14.77—20.27] |
 Richer | 24.03 [22.07—26.10] | 25.22 [23.18—27.39] | 21.29 [17.38—25.81] |
 Richest | 24.38 [22.09—26.83] | 26.56 [24.32—28.93] | 19.37 [14.65—25.16] |
Religion | p < .001 | p < .005 | p < .001 |
 Hindu | 23.36 [22.43—24.31] | 24.38 [23.36—25.43] | 20.78 [18.92—22.77] |
 Muslim | 26.77 [24.61—29.06] | 28.16 [25.29—31.21] | 24.35 [21.21—27.79] |
 Christian | 36.36 [32.00—40.95] | 34.72 [29.35—40.51] | 40.99 [34.32—48.02] |
 Others | 22.12 [18.71—25.95] | 25.36 [21.11—30.14] | 13.71 [9.40—19.56] |
Social group | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 Scheduled Caste | 27.49 [25.62—29.45] | 28.21 [26.10—30.41] | 24.18 [20.45—28.34] |
 Scheduled Tribe | 18.32 [16.34—20.48] | 18.29 [16.21—20.58] | 18.50 [12.84—25.90] |
 Other Backward Class | 25.08 [23.67—26.54] | 26.16 [24.68—27.69] | 22.56 [19.62—25.78] |
 Others | 21.72 [20.47—23.01] | 23.05 [21.41—24.79] | 19.79 [17.95—21.76] |
Region | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
 North | 22.88 [21.27—24.57] | 23.99 [22.02—26.07] | 20.57 [17.86—23.56] |
 North East | 20.24 [18.14—22.53] | 20.84 [18.49—23.41] | 17.95 [13.62—23.29] |
 East | 25.88 [24.27—27.56] | 25.20 [23.40—27.09] | 28.93 [25.53—32.59] |
 Central | 23.18 [21.36—25.11] | 24.04 [21.89—26.33] | 19.81 [16.95—23.02] |
 West | 16.83 [15.43—18.31] | 19.24 [17.39—21.23] | 12.86 [10.94—15.07] |
 South | 31.19 [28.67—33.83] | 33.74 [31.58—35.97] | 27.47 [22.76 -32.75] |