Table 2 Demographic characteristics of participants

Age, year

60 ~ 69

182

48.66

70 ~ 79

128

34.22

 ≥ 80

64

17.11

Gender

Male

188

50.27

Female

186

49.73

Education

Illiteracy

35

9.36

Primary school

64

17.11

Junior high school

81

21.66

High school or technical secondary school

95

25.40

Junior college

38

10.16

Undergraduate and above

61

16.31

Marital status

Married

348

93.04

Single

1

0.27

Widowed

24

6.42

Divorced

1

0.27

Monthly personal income (RMB)

 < 1000

53

14.17

1000 ~ 2000

42

11.23

2000 ~ 4000

131

35.03

 ≥ 4000

148

39.57

Number of chronic diseases

None

154

41.18

1

139

37.17

2

60

16.04

 ≥ 3

21

5.61

Self-care

cannot take care of themselves

3

0.80

Partly self-care

18

4.81

Completely self-care

353

94.39

Children number

0

3

0.80

1

164

43.85

2

134

35.83

 ≥ 3

73

19.52

Whether the children live together

Live in the same city but not together

133

35.56

do not live in the same city

35

9.36

living together

206

55.08

Primary caregiver

Spouse

59

15.78

Nanny

9

2.41

Child

25

6.68

Self-care

281

75.13

Occupation before retirement

Worker

109

29.14

farmer

65

17.38

teacher

22

5.88

civil servant

56

14.97

medical staff

10

2.67

Self-employed and others

112

29.95

Smoking frequency

never

333

89.04

1–2 days a week

6

1.60

3–4 days a week

7

1.87

Almost every day

28

7.49

Drinking frequency

never

302

80.75

1–2 days a week

41

10.96

3–4 days a week

11

2.94

Almost every day

20

5.35

Exercise frequency

never

35

9.36

1–2 days a week

43

11.50

3–4 days a week

45

12.03

Almost every day

251

67.11